断流

According to the cutout charactoristic data of the lower reaches of the Yellow River,and using

根据黄河下游1972～1997年断流特征观测数据，应用数理统计的方法，分析了黄河下游断流河长、断流历时和泥沙淤积量之间的相关关系。

Based on the man made geological process of geosciences, this paper discusses the serious consequences and perniciousness of the cutoff in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.

从地球科学"人为地质作用理论"出发，分析了黄河下游断流的严重性与危害性后认为，黄河下游断流不仅对黄河流域及整个中国生态环境产生重大影响，而且对社会经济发展以及可持续发展产生严重后果。

And There was no serious complication;②In the course ofinterventional therapy, Direct portal vein angiography demonstrated vena coronaria ventriculi(100%)andgastricveins(65.26%)andvenagastricaposterior38.43%, Angiography demonstrated venacoronariaventriculi communicate esophagus varicose veins, gastric veins and vena gastrica posterior communicategastric varicose veins. vena coronaria ventriculi had only a small percentage of double vein, about30.57%. The sites of vena coronaria ventriculi arising from the portal vein, splenic vein, portosplenic junction, were found in 52.06%、27.39%、20.55% respectively.③12 extrahepaticprotosystemic shunts were found in these patients. Include gastro-nephrosshuntof 3 cases, 7 caseswere splenetic- nephros shunt and 2 cases shown recanalization of umbilical vein .④The averageportal pressure before and after the procedure were 3.87±1.82kPa and 3.64±1.14kPa in 73patients, but to the time of rebleeding, it was 3.96±0.23kPa in the 11 cases.⑤There werethree kinds of variceal outcome: disappearance (54,low degree (19).⑥Spearman logisticanalyse and ANOVAtest shown liver function class, variceal degree of the splenic necrosis area,the blood direction in portal vein before operation and remain small collateral routes were thesignificant factors concerning outcome of varices.⑦The bleeding volume and portalhypertensive gastropathy are main risk factors of rebleeding.⑧The course of livercirrhosis is the risk factor of survival and extrahepatic portosystemic shunt , fine varices are thebeneficial factors to survival.⑨During all cases'followed-up data, the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 yearcumulative survival rates and rebleeding rates were 17.81%, 28.77%, 38.36%, 43.84%, 47.95%and93.15%,91.78%,86.30%,83.56%,80.82%respectively. Conclusion The interventional disconnection treatment for liver cirrhosis and portalhypertension was designed suitability. It rapidlycontrol bleeding,butpressure of portal vein was notobvious high, perfusion was not low .it was compared with surgery therapeutic that interventionaldisconnection treatment was safe and had a significant clinical effect to hemorrhage and preventfrom rebleeding.

结果：①术后一过性发热62例(84.9%)，腹痛腹胀48例(65.8%)是介入断流术常见的并发症，未发生严重并发症；②门静脉造影显示胃冠状静脉、胃短静脉和胃后静脉的曲张分流的出现率是100%、65.26%和38.34%；显示食管静脉曲张主要由胃冠状静脉供血，胃静脉曲张主要由胃短静脉和胃后静脉供血；胃冠状静脉大多数为单支，少数为双支，其双支的出现率分别为30.57%；胃冠状静脉开口于门静脉主干的为52.06%，开口于脾静脉主干的为27.39%和开口于门脾静脉交汇处的为20.55%；③发现胃肾分流3例，脾肾分流7例、腹膜后门腔静脉分流2例，以及CTA检查发现脐静脉开放者2例；④73例患者介入断流术前和术后平均自由门静脉压力分别为3.87±1.82kpa和3.64±1.14kpa，前后比较存在显著性差异；11例再次介入手术患者的术前、术后和复发后的自由门静脉压力分别为4.02±0.24kpa、3.82±0.25kpa和3.93±0.23kpa ，前后比较发现首次术前与术后存在显著性差异，首次术前和复发出血术前门静脉压力比较无显著性差异；⑤介入术后复查曲张静脉转归基本消失54例，轻度19例；⑥Spearman相关分析和Logistic多因素回归分析，肝功能分级、静脉曲张程度、门脉血流方向和残存小侧支四个因素对曲张静脉转归有影响；Spearman相关分析和Logistic多因素回归分析门脉高压性胃病和出血量等因素对复发出血时间有影响；⑦COX回归分析，门体分流和曲张静脉转归两个因素对术后生存有影响；⑧术后随访6-70月，1、2、3、4、5年的累计复发出血率和累计生存率分别为17.81%、28.77%、38.36%、43.84%、47.95%和93.15%、91.78%、86.30%、83.56%、80.82%；结论：介入断流术治疗门脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张有独特的优点，可以快速直接控制曲张静脉出血而门静脉压力无显著增高，保证了肝脏灌注；与外科分流术相比适应证广、损伤轻、术后恢复快，不易遗漏曲张静脉；肝功能分级、曲张静脉程度、门脉血流方向和残存侧支血管对食管胃曲张静脉转归有影响；门脉高压性胃病对复发出血时间有影响；门体分流和曲张静脉转归对生存时间有影响。

Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 245 cases with portal hypertension treated with PCDV or PSRS plus PCDV. The diameter, blood flow velocity and blood flow of portal vein, splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein were measured by magnetic resonance angiograph at 1 week preoperatively and at 2 week postoperatively.

回顾性总结近8年采用脾肾分流加门奇断流联合手术和门奇断流术治疗门静脉高压症245例，于术前一周和术后2周应用核磁共振血管造影测量门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉的直径，流速和流量，并于术中动态测量门静脉压力。

Surgical strategies included: 23 cases with meso-caval shunt, 8 cases with splenectomy and spleno-renal vein shunt, 1 case with porta-caval shunt, 2 cases with paraumbilical vein-jugular vein shunt, 3 cases with portal azygous disconnection, 1 cases with splenectomy and portal azygous disconnection, 1 case with sigmoidostomy and closed the fistula of sigmoid six months later, 1 case with resection of part of small intestine due to acute extensive thrombosis of portal vein system, 4 cases with selective superior mesenteric artery and splenic artery thrombolytic infusion therapy, 2 cases remained no-surgical option and underwent conservative treatment.

行肠系膜上静脉-下腔静脉分流术23例；脾切除、脾静脉-肾静脉分流术8例；门静脉-下腔静脉分流术1例；附脐静脉-颈内静脉分流术2例；门奇静脉断流术3例；脾切除、门奇静脉断流术1例；乙状结肠暂时性造瘘，6个月后闭瘘1例；大部分小肠切除术1例；经股动脉插管溶栓4例；未行手术2例，仅给予护肝及对症治疗。

Methods Wistar rats were divided into four groups:normal group(n=8),model group with cirrhosis and portal hypertensive gastropathy(n=12),disconnective group(n=12)and post-disconnection plus CGRP group (n=12).Gastric mucosal cellular proliferative parameters from the above groups were measured by the radioscintigraphy.

Wistar大鼠分正常对照组8只，肝硬变合并门静脉高压性胃病(portal hypertensive gastropathy，PHG)模型对照组12只，断流手术组12只，断流术加CGRP保护组12只，用放射自显影技术测定各组胃粘膜细胞增殖参数。

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of effect of esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy in the treatment of portal hypertension caused by hepatocirrhosis complication esophageal and gastric fundal venous bleeding.

目的探讨断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症并发食道、胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的临床疗效。方法断流术治疗EVB 56例，观察其近期临床疗效，并随访0.5-5年，了解远期疗效及预后。

There was conspicuous contradiction appeal between water supply and demand in the Yellow River basin in 1997 because of much less precipitation and runoff than nounal and no-flow in the lower reaches in 1997 was the most serious in the records.

1997年，由于黄河流域降雨、径流量较常年明显偏少，水资源供需矛盾十分突出，黄河下游出现了有资料记录以来断流最为严重的一年，利津站于2月7日开始断流，截止到12月31日，断流13次，共计226d，与有记录以来的历史资料比较，呈现出断流开始时间最早、恢复过流时间最晚、断流河段最长、断流次数最多、断流时间最长等特点。

Considering the 45-days' zero-flow of the river, the pumpage attenuation of seepage wells was calculated.

在考虑河流持续断流45d的情况下，计算了断流条件下渗流井出水量的衰减过程，在此基础上，确定了悖牛川陕西段河谷区地下水渗流井开采方式新增允许开采量。

Shrinking lakes and rivers, the Yellow River drying up in the Yellow River from 1972 to the beginning of 1998 there disconnection of the 27 years, the Yellow River Lijin station stop in a total of 21, reached four years of stop-off frequency, for a total disconnection 1,050 days, the average Each year 50 days disconnection, 1997 devascularization 226 days, up to 704 km river drying up of the lower reaches of the chief of 90%.

河湖萎缩，黄河断流黄河从1972年开始出现断流到1998年的27年间，黄河利津站共有21年发生断流，断流频率已达四年五断，共计断流1050天，平均每个断流年份50天，其中1997年断流226天，断流河段长达704公里，占下游河段总长的90%。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。