断层作用

The selection of geological prospecting in different stages(initial-prospecting, detailed-prospecting)(2)the selection of geological prospecting in the deep-laid and shallow-laid of tunnel project (3)the selection of geological prospecting of tunnel projecting in different geological conditions Finally, the author summed up main problems needing to be solved in tunnel engineering geological prospecting as follow:(1)differentiate stratum and find out the depth and thickness of different stratums in the tunnel section (2)find out geological structure and existence situation of fault, broken zone and weak plane (3)find out weathering level of bed rock to classify surrounding rock combining speed materials (4)differentiate stratum structure of the entrance of tunnel to judge the stability of it (5)find out existence situation and performance of ground water (6)situations of other harmful geological phenomenon In view of above problems and classification of surrounding rock, the author showed principles of rational choosing of methods in geological prospecting and counted disperse range of physical character parameter value in different petrosal character, getting achievements as follow:(1)summarization of effect, merits and demerits of different geological prospecting methods in the tunnel geological investigation (2)method selection and arrangement principle of tunnel engineering geological prospecting in different geological conditions and prospecting stages (3)According to previous experience and cases, the author concluded the物性parameters most in use ,and showed the basis of selecting geological prospecting methods in different geological conditions.

论文中用几个应用实例来说明：(1)不同勘察阶段物探工作的选用；(2)深埋、浅埋隧道工程物探工作的选用；(3)不同地质条件隧道工程物探工作的选用。最后总结归纳出隧道工程物探所需要解决的问题主要有：(1)划分地层，查明隧道通过剖面的各地层深度与厚度。(2)查明地质构造，隧道轴线段有无断层、破碎带、软弱层面等。(3)查明基岩风化程度，从而结合速度资料进行围岩分级。(4)划分洞口地层结构，判断洞口稳定性。(5)查明地下水赋存情况及其活动动态。(6)其他不良地质现象存在情况。针对上述需要查明的地质问题与计算围岩分级情况，论文提出合理选用物探方法的原则，并统计了物性参数值在不同岩性中的分布范围。得出以下研究成果：(1)总结出各物探方法在隧道地质调查中的作用和优缺点。(2)得出不同地质条件下和不同勘察阶段，隧道工程物探方法选择和布置的原则。(3)根据以往工作经验和事例，对常用的物性参数进行了归纳总结，同时介绍了不同地质条件下物探方法选择的依据。

Looking from various synthems stratum mop characteristic, the Meso-cenozoic fault activity is the important control action to the deposition and the denude of Late Jurassic- Early Crataceous and Eogene.

从各构造层地层展布特征来看，中、新生代断层活动主要对晚侏罗-早白垩世及古近纪地层沉积与剥蚀起到了重要的控制作用。

The course will start with an overview of the central and peripheral nervous systems, the development of their structure and major divisions. The major functional components of the CNS will then be reviewed individually. Topography, functional distribution of nerve cell bodies, ascending and descending tracts in the spinal cord. Brainstem organization and functional components, including cranial nerve nuclei, ascending / descending pathways, amine-containing cells, structure and information flow in the cerebellar and vestibular systems. Distribution of the cranial nerves, resolution of their skeletal and branchial arch components. Functional divisions of the Diencephalon and Telencephalon. The course will then continue with how these various CNS pieces and parts work together.

这门课将会从中枢和周边神经系统构造的发展和主要的分化点来概述，中枢神经系统的主要功能将会在复习中个别地说明：神经细胞体的断层以及功能性的分布、脊髓内上升和下降神经束的特征学和功能分布；脑干组织和功能要素，包括脑神经核、上升和下降神经束走向、含胺基酸脑激素细胞的分布、小脑和内耳前庭系统的构造和资讯传导流；颅神经的分布、骨弓和腮弓的演化；间脑和终脑的功能与分类；这门课将会探讨这些不同的中枢神经系统如何一起作用。

Based on the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and subsidence analyses of 73 wells in the Beryl Embayment, Viking Graben, North Sea , this paper tries to describe the sedimentation and subsidence models of the Middle-Late Jurassic syn-rift phase, andto determine the timing and location of boundary fault linkage and variation of active extension directions, and their control onsedimentation and .

根据北海维京地堑Beryl淘73口井的高分辨率层序地层学分析和高分辨率沉降分析，阐明中、晚侏罗世沉积和沉降模式，确定应力场的变化及边界断层的连锁对沉积和含油气系统的控制作用。

The formation deformation and extensional range indicate this fault, in some degree, controls the target zone closure.

从地层的变形特征和延伸的范围看，该断层对目的层圈闭具有一定的控制作用。

The time that acted on fault plane in the vicinity is limited.

作用于邻近断层面上时间有限。

On the basis of overwhelming evidence it is now widely accepted that earthquakes are caused by the dynamic spreading of shear rupture on a fault plane.

浅源构造地震是在构造应力作用下地壳内的断层发生快速的剪切破裂而引起的弹性振动。

Dynamic stress is caused by the radiation of seismic wave, so the dynamic stress is transient. The time that acted on fault plane in the vicinity is limited.

由於动应力是伴随地震波传播而出现的，因此，动应力变化量是暂态的，作用於邻近断层面上时间有限。

The mode of faulting plays an important controlling role on the components of the ground motion.

3断层运动方式对地面运动各分量的相互比例有重要控制作用。

Whereas foliation attitude of gneiss type exerts a relatively weak role in controlling attitude of miniature faults in gneiss type rocks.

而片麻岩类岩石叶理产状对发育于该类岩石内的微断层产状控制作用相对较弱。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。