文艺复兴的

Indeed, between the forms of the leaf-covered monopode first encountered, and this monstrous leg, we recall iconic scenes of flight, common amongst grand Renaissance tableaux, one particularly good example being exemplified in Michelangelo's Last Judgement by the bottom right-hand section, which is known as the Boat of Charon—a fitting allusion because Charon was the boatman who delivered the damned into the mouth of hell from which they were presumably anxious to escape, hence the animated energy brought to their flight.

的确，在先前体验过的叶子覆盖着的独脚和这只巨腿的两种造型中，我们忆起典型的逃离场景构图，是文艺复兴艺术的大型静态画面中常见的，而米开朗琪罗的《最后的审判》右下角所谓"卡戎的冥河之船"那部分就是特别典型的代表范例；这个典故在此极为恰当，因为卡戎就是将被打入地狱的人送往阴府的船夫，他们自然急于逃跑，因此才有这些人物脱逃的激动镜头。

The first chapter discusses the origin of poly-choral style, including historical background on the tradition of psalms singing. The second chapter focuses on Renaissance time at Venice, and discusses the politics, artistic, glass craft, mosaic art synopsis at that time. The third chapter discusses poly-choral music of Venetian school in the early times of 16th century, and main composers of Venetian school including: Andrian Willaert, Andrea Gabrieli, Giovanni Gabrieli, and Claudio Monteverdi in early time of Baroque period. The fourth chapter discusses poly-choral works, the effects of the acoustics "stereo sound", questions of chorus establishment, textures, and questions of annotation and questions when conducting these pieces based on the discussion and summary from the previous three chapter.

第一章讨论的是复合唱风格的源起，包括诗篇对唱式唱法的传统溯源；第二章讨论文艺复兴时期的威尼斯，包括政经情况，及艺术、玻璃工艺、马赛克艺术的简介；第三章讨论威尼斯乐派在十六世纪早期的复合唱雏型，及盛期的主要作曲家，包括：威拉尔、安德拉E噶布里埃利、乔望尼E噶布里埃利，及巴罗克早期的孟特威尔第…等复合唱作曲家的风格；第四章整合前三章的论述，由实际的复合唱作品，讨论「立体声」的音响效果、合唱团的编制、织度问题，以及诠释及指挥上会遇到的问题。

He is handsome with wild oats and world-weariness and is living in scene of debauchery, but this doesn't influence his most works during his short life at all. He not only takes in early renaissance drawer Botticelli's accessorized lines and morbidezza female tinge, but also gets the inspiration(replanting the lateral nose to the frontal portraiture) from cubism, introjects the exaggeration way of ancient African woodcutting and brings the Pre-Raphaelite melancholy temperament into play fully so that forms his own extraordinary style from inspiration based on representation. Particularly, his special representation for female nude is noticeable.

他英俊潇洒、放荡不羁，厌世忌俗，终日流连于灯红酒绿之间，然而这丝毫不影响他在短暂的生命中留下大量的画作，他吸取了文艺复兴早期画家波提切利的装饰性线条和柔美女性气息，又从立体主义的建构手法上获得灵感（将侧面的鼻子移植到正面的肖像画中），糅合了远古非洲木雕的夸张方式，又将拉斐尔前派的忧郁气质发挥到了极致，从而形成了自己的以灵感为源以表现为本的独特唯美画风，尤为引人注目的是他对女性裸体画的另类表现。

In western painting it came from the primitive society when a few space factors appeared in the mural paintings sketched out by single line, the Greek bottle picture with the simple perspectivity, the Rome mural painting in which the perspectivity was originated, the Middle Ages when the perspectivity develop relatively slowly, the Renaissauce when the perspectivity highly developed, the Post Impressionism when Cezanne reformed the structure of space subjectively and orderly to open the gate of Modern Art, the 21 Century when the space was des-constructed and the idea of space developed pluratislically, at last the beginning of Actionism , to reach the end of the development of the space in painting, so to achieve the return from the three-dimensional illusion to the reality.

西方绘画由原始社会单线勾勒的壁画中极少的空间因素的运用，继而希腊瓶画中简单的透视。罗马时期透视法的萌芽，中世纪的相对滞缓的发展，文艺复兴时期对自然完善的表现至塞尚，则开启了现代艺术中空间主观化、秩序化的先河，进而出现二十世纪绘画空间解构、重组、多元化发展的状况，行为艺术的产生，实现了绘画空间由三维幻象到真实的还原，成为西方绘画的空间发展历程的终结点。

The Renaissance movement in Germany is due largely to the influence of Italian scholars and to the teaching of the Brothers of the Common Life in their school at Deventer.11 The close political relations existing between the German States and the cities of Northern Italy, the mission of Petrarch to the court of Charles IV., the intermingling of German and Italian scholars at the councils of Constance, Florence, and Basle, and the exertions of Aeneas Sylvius, afterwards Pius II., during his term of office as Chancellor of Frederick III., helped largely to promote the study of the classics in Germany, especially when the invention and development of the art of printing had solved the difficulty of procuring manuscripts.

德国的文艺复兴主要是受到了意大利学者的影响，以及丹文特的共同生活弟兄会的教导。德国联邦和北意大利城邦亲密的政治联系，派遣到查尔斯四世皇廷的意大利诗人团，康斯坦斯，佛罗伦萨，巴塞尔混杂的德意学者，以及埃涅阿斯·西尔维斯在担任佛里德里克总理的任期间所作的努力，极大的帮助了德国的古典主义学习，尤其是印刷术的发明和传播，解决了手稿搜集的难题。

There was, to be sure, in the Renaissance an uncanny and glittering reawakening of the classical ideal, of the noble mode of evaluating all things; Rome itself, oppressed by the new superimposed Judaized Rome that presented the aspect of an ecumenical synagogue and was called the "church," stirred like one awakened from seeming death: but Judea immediately triumphed again, thanks to that thoroughly plebeian ressentiment movement called the Reformation, and to that which was bound to arise from it, the restoration of the church—the restoration too of the ancient sepulchral repose of classical Rome.

的确，在文艺复兴时期，古典的理想、高贵的价值观念曾经历了光辉夺目的复苏。罗马就像一个假死苏醒的人一样在那座新建的犹太式罗马城的重压下面蠢动起来，那新罗马俨然是一座世界性的犹太教堂，它被称为"教会"。但是，很快地犹太教又一次获胜，这要归功于发生在德国和英国的运动，它被称为宗教改革，而实质上是平民的怨恨运动。伴随这场运动而来的是：教会的重振和古罗马再次被置于古老的墓穴安宁之中。

The evolution of philosophical discourse has experienced four periods from ancient to present-day:the preli minary philosophical discourse of human being was the "children discourse",which marked a "fairy tales"times of philosophy;later emerged the"myster ious discourse",which brought into the "myth"times of philosophy;the"phi losophical discourse"during the period of European Renaissance was the"hum ane discourse",which was also called the"humane"times of philosophy;from modern times,philosophical"power discourse"became popular,it tried to judg e and control people's spirit life,which was"official jargon"times of phil osophy.

从古代到现代，哲学话语的演变大致经历了四个时代：人类的早期哲学话语是&儿童话语&，以&儿童话语&为主流的时代是哲学的&童话&时代；随后出现的是&神秘话语&，以&神秘话语&为主流的时代是哲学的&神话&时代；欧洲文艺复兴时期的哲学话语是&人文话语&，这一时代可以称为哲学的&人文&时代；从近代哲学开始，&权力话语&泛滥，哲学力图裁判和主宰人们的精神生活，这一时期是哲学的&官话&时代。

Croce"s thoughts,and via the comparative research I wish I can open out the value of life aesthetics.Additionally,from the view of aesthetics history in Chinese modern times,I analyse the value of life aesthetics,point out Zhu Guangqian"s life aesthetics inherit the anthropologismus spirit in the western moderntime after western Revival of Learning time,and bring forth the unhomeliness gloss in China realism society and life region which coming from B.Croce enactment the anthropologismus thoughts in the spirit field.

从全文来看，我试图从克罗齐找到朱光潜人生美学思想的来源，并通过朱光潜与克罗齐的比较研究，揭示朱光潜人生美学思想所具有的独创性价值：另外，从中国现代美学史的角度来分析朱光潜的人生美学的历史性贡献，从而指出朱光潜的人生美学在根本上承袭了西方文艺复兴时期以来西方近、现代的人本主义精神，使得克罗齐在精神领域中所设立的人本主义思想得以在中国的现实社会生活领域中展现其不同寻常的光彩。

As it invariably happens, history and memory can prove helpful: Leonardo's Vitruvian man is "the measure of all things", while the Renaissance man expands the static point of view of the project anticipating the crucial theme of individual well-being (as Leon Battista Alberti put it in his De re aedificatoria ,"In the choice of the environment it is best to mind that it is welcome by its inhabitants from every point of view").

要设计一项围绕人的实际需求的建筑项目同样意味着创新、价值与激情的构思与应用。创新乃为满足动态参考条件；价值乃为适应社会潜在的经济和结构的变化；激情乃为对于所有参与者以及他们的实际需求的关注。能够证明有效性的永远都是历史与记忆：莱昂纳多·达芬奇的维特鲁威人是&万物的尺度&，同时文艺复兴时期的人发展了项目的静态观点，期望一个非常现代的焦点对象：即个人的康乐。（&在选择环境之时，最好能确保它的方方面面都受到居住者的欢迎&，阿尔贝蒂的《建筑学十书》）。

The intricate business of forcing his offspring into the charmed circle of royalty-by-birth, the negotiations with Charles for example over recognition of the new duchies, runs like a subtle poison through what was, despite the very evident Renaissance worldliness of this great pope, the leading policy of his reign, the calling of this council that would reform the life of the Church and heal the divisions in Germany.

在年底前，教宗成功，让他在采邑的duchies的帕尔马和皮亚琴察，瓜分了该国的教会，以及结科里纳的儿子-奥塔维奥-一个亲生女儿的查尔斯诉错综复杂的业务，迫使其到后代的排他性小圈子版税，由出生，谈判与查尔斯例如超过认同新duchies ，每年举办像一个微妙的毒药，通过什么，虽然很明显，文艺复兴时期的世俗这个伟大的教宗，领导的政策，他的统治，要求本局将改革教会生活及治愈师在德国。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。