文艺复兴

The period of the High Middle Ages in Europe saw major technological advances, including the adoption through the Silk Road of printing, gunpowder, the astrolabe, and the compass, in many ways sustaining the development of Renaissance Europe and the Age of Exploration.

全盛的中世纪时期，欧洲看到了主要的领先技术，包括采用通过丝绸之路而来的印刷术、黑色火药、星盘和罗盘，以很多方式支持了欧洲文艺复兴和探险时期的发展。

Some writers date the Renaissance quite precisely; one proposed starting point is 1401, when the rival geniuses Lorenzo Ghiberti and Filippo Brunelleschi competed for the contract to build the bronze doors for the Baptistery of the Florence Cathedral.

迪。邦多纳。一些学者对于文艺复兴的时间定得非常准确；一种建见是始于1401年，两个天才的对手Lorenzo Ghiberti与Filippo Brunelleschi竞争承建佛罗伦萨大教堂洗礼池的铜门。

In the renaissance and baroque periods in europe, rich people were expected to be able to dance at social events.

在文艺复兴和巴洛克时期的欧洲，只有有钱人才能在社交场合跳舞。

Leon Battista Alberti 's Ten Books on Architecture, inspired by Vitruvius, became a Bible of Renaissance architecture.

阿尔贝蒂在维特鲁威启发下写的《关于建筑的十本书》成为文艺复兴时期建筑的「圣经」。

Leon Battista Alberti's Ten Books on Architecture, inspire d by Vitruvius, became a bible of Renaissance architecture.

阿尔贝蒂在维特鲁威启发下写的《关于建筑的十本书》成为文艺复兴时期建筑的「圣经」。

Leon Battista Alberti's Ten Books on Architecture, inspired by Vitruvius, became a bible of Renaissance architect ure.

阿尔贝蒂在维特鲁威启发下写的《关于建筑的十本书》成为文艺复兴时期建筑的「圣经」。

This paper aims to research the idea historia which is the central conception in the artistic theory of Leon Battista Alberti. To demonstrate the original meaning of historia in different period of time, which ranged from antique Greek to Renaissance, is the first chapter of this paper.

本文以文艺复兴时期伟大的人文主义者里昂·巴蒂斯塔·阿尔贝蒂艺术理论中的historia观念为主要关注点，将该词本体含义、在阿尔贝蒂理论中的应用并结合对已有研究成果的分析比较进行较为客观地考释研究。

As it invariably happens, history and memory can prove helpful: Leonardo's Vitruvian man is "the measure of all things", while the Renaissance man expands the static point of view of the project anticipating the crucial theme of individual well-being (as Leon Battista Alberti put it in his De re aedificatoria ,"In the choice of the environment it is best to mind that it is welcome by its inhabitants from every point of view").

要设计一项围绕人的实际需求的建筑项目同样意味着创新、价值与激情的构思与应用。创新乃为满足动态参考条件；价值乃为适应社会潜在的经济和结构的变化；激情乃为对于所有参与者以及他们的实际需求的关注。能够证明有效性的永远都是历史与记忆：莱昂纳多·达芬奇的维特鲁威人是"万物的尺度"，同时文艺复兴时期的人发展了项目的静态观点，期望一个非常现代的焦点对象：即个人的康乐。（"在选择环境之时，最好能确保它的方方面面都受到居住者的欢迎"，阿尔贝蒂的《建筑学十书》）。

It is here that the Renaissance concept of an "ideal city" that re-creates celestial harmony on earth originated. As Leon Battista Alberti wrote in the De Re Aedificatoria (1450), a city is a site tobe designed, a space for living in harmony, a place for social encounters, political organization and economic planning.

文艺复兴时期，正是在意大利诞生了"理想城市"的概念——在大地上构建天堂般的和谐。1450年，莱昴·巴蒂斯塔·阿尔伯蒂在其《建筑论》一书中这样描述城市：它是一个需要规划的场地，一片宁静生活的空间，一个从事社交、政治、经济活动的场所。

Not until the Renaissance was the female gender of the queen bee proved, or beeswax shown to be secreted from the undersides of bees.

直到文艺复兴时期，蜂后的雌性才得到证明，蜜蜂下腹分泌蜂蜡的秘密也才被发现。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。