文献

The first section introduces some basic concepts[9].The second section introduces Schmidt"s method of proving isoperimetric inequality [2].The third section introduces Hurwitz"s method [9].The fourth section takes from my tutors lecture notes.The method is due to REILLY [10].Finally,I make use of variational method to prove the circle among the curves of length L encloses the biggest area on the plane.

首先介绍了平面上的一些基本概念[9]，其次介绍了文献[2]中Schmidt证明等周不等式的方法，再次介绍了文献[9]中Hurwitz证明等周不等式的方法，然后介绍了导师吴发恩整理的文献[8]中REILLY的方法证明平面上的等周不等式[10]，最后我利用变分的方法证明了平面上等长的曲线围成的面积最大时为圆。

The literature study contists of two parts:The first is about the review of the historical names of eczema,recognition of illness,intemal and topical treatment, and it summarize the experience and knowledge of the modernday famous expert of traditional Chinese medicine and the research progress of eczema in decade lately,and introduce the general situation about experimental research of eczema.

文献研究本文首先对祖国医学文献中有关湿疹病名、病因病机及治疗方面文献进行了复习，归纳总结了现代名中医家对湿疹的认识，并且对近十年来关于中医治疗湿疹研究进展作了一综述，对有关湿疹的实验研究情况亦有所介绍，以及现代医学对湿疹的基本认识，包括病因，发病机理，诊断与治疗概况。

Beijing 100034,China(The School of Oncology,Beijing Institute for Cancer Research,Beijing Medical University,Beijing 100034,China)(The School of Oncology,Beijing Institute for Cancer Research,Beijing Medical University,Beijing 100034,China)Abstract : Objective In order to study the effects of ATP on U937 cells. Methods Cell culture,flow cytometry,HE staining,Nigrosine staining and electron microscopy were used.

应用ATP(0.23g/L)作用于人白血病细胞U937，(1)用白细胞计数器每日计数细胞和计算抑制率；(2)用流式细胞分析仪文献检测 ATP对U937细胞周期改变和凋亡的影响；(3)苏木精-伊红染色和电子显微镜文献检测凋亡小体的形成过程；(4)用苯胺黑染色文献检测凋亡小体的生命本性。

But most of these papers only considered the nonsingular case...

本章主要内容包括：在§1.1中，我们考虑了如下奇异四阶微分边值问题到目前为止，有关四阶微分边值问题已有不少文献，但大多数文献中作者只讨论了非线性项是非奇异的情形，很少有文献讨论奇异的情形。

In developing the parameter, the researchers, led by Dr. Walkup, undertook an extensive literature review that included published articles pertaining to psychopharmacology in children and adults. They also reviewed textbooks on pediatric psychopharmacology, as well as their reference lists.

在制定这项规范时，由Walkup医师领导的研究者们进行了详尽的文献回顾，包括与儿童及成人精神药理学有关的发表文献，他们也回顾儿童精神药理学相关教科书，以及参考文献清单。

The original reference is ref. 1, and more recent and sophisticated accounts are given in refs, 27 and 28

最早的参考文献为文献1，而更高深的新内容发表在文献27和28上。

This paper describes the relation between the reporting amount and loan copies/times of bibliographies for agricultural documents and literature, and how to strengthen sele- ction and analyse of documents and literature.

文献选择既要考虑文献的自身价值，又要始终围绕科研任务，并提出以重点选择、相关选择、适用性选择、特殊选择等原则来评价和择录文献。

An optimization model of net income after tax for single product in productiondistribution supply chain was established.

供应链是包括供应、制造、销售活动在内的物流、资金流、信息流一体化的公司网络系统·为满足供应链的整体目标，供应链中的公司可适当调整产品的交易价格，如采用转移价格、价格折扣、返点等方法实现[1～7]·文献[1]给出了一个优化跨国公司税后净收入的跨国供应链模型，建立了一个启发式解法，对原问题调整后应用连续线性规划进行了求解·文献[2]研究了公司内转移价格作为一种协调机制时的作用·本文在文献[1，2]的基础上，分析并建立了一个单产品生产销售供应链中总公司的税后净收入优化模型；最后，应用改进的进化规划算法进行了仿真实验计算·1

In the part of empirical analysis of Chinese IPO first-day return, the difference between existing study and this study is that we use principal components analysis to extract from five factors to construct investors'sentiment index, add it to controled varibles, on which we examine the influence of offering mechanism on IPO first-day return. Moreover, we gather statistics and compare the IPO holding return for lockup period between fixed-price-class offering method and bookbuilding-class offering method, as well as price range between Chinese A-share market and Hongkong stock market, which prvide comprehensive evidence to appraise Chinese IPO bookbuilding mechanism. 2. Compare to the existing literatures which consider discount or allocation, incentive allocation and discount are considered at the same time in optimal mechanism design in this dissertation, and the offering bottom price is introduced to the price range. We investigate the relationship between price range and allocation quantity, and obtain the optimal price range and allocation strategy so that the advantages of independent allocation are reflected. On the other hand, the disadvantages of independent allocation are reflected in the manipulation in case of no restriction on IPO allocation. To distinguish from the existing literatures, bookbuilding mechanism is introduced to the model. We study the allocation strategy adopted by the underwriter in the pooling equilibrium of manipulation. In addition, we analyze the incentive compatibility conditions to which the existence of pooling equilibrium should satisfy and examine some factors'impact on the existence of manipulation.3. In bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, Chinese realistic IPO background is considered and the condition of bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering is added. Divide bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering into sequential hybrid and simultaneous hybrid, and point out that the key points of subscription strategy in the two kinds of hybrid are different. Through modeling and simulation we obtain the impact of institutional investors'subscription strategy on bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, which fill the gap in related research. Moreover, in the part of IPO bookbuilding with over-allotment option, the pricing strategy is divided into hot-IPO strategy and weak-IPO strategy. Take into account the procedure of Chinese IPO with over-allotment option, it presents how the underwriter determines the pricing strategy and what effect it brings to offering price and issue size through modeling and simulation. Therefore, it is instructive as a complement to existing literatures.

此外，对我国A股市场询价发行方式与固定价格发行方式下的IPO锁定期到期时持有收益率、以及我国A股市场与香港市场的询价发行价格区间进行了统计比较，为评价我国IPO市场的询价发行提供了比较全面的依据。2、相比已有文献仅考虑折价和分配中的一种激励措施，本论文在有自主配售权下的机制设计中并用了分配与折价两种激励措施，并且在价格区间的制定中引入发行底价，考察了价格区间与分配量之间的关系，得到最优的价格区间和分配策略，从中体现自主分配权的优点；在有自主分配权下的操纵行为研究中则体现了自主配售权的弊端，与已有文献不同的是，在模型中引入了累计投标询价机制，研究了承销商在混同均衡操纵中采取的分配策略，并对操纵存在的条件进行分析讨论，得出各个因素对混同均衡操纵存在的影响。3、在无自主分配权下的询价发行中，充分考虑了我国实际应用的背景，加入了与固定价格发售混合的条件，并将询价与固定价格混合发行分为序贯与同步两种方式，指出机构投资者在两种情况下申购策略的侧重点各有不同，通过对序贯混合发行方式下的网下累计投标策略以及同步混合发行方式下的资金分配策略的模型建立和数值仿真，考察了机构投资者申购策略对无自主分配权下的询价发行的影响，填补了相关研究文献的空白；在包含超额配售选择权的询价发行中，将发行定价策略分为热销策略和弱销策略，在考虑了我国含超额配售选择权的发行流程下，通过建模以及数值仿真得出承销商会对发行定价策略作出怎样的选取，进而会对新股发行价格、发售数量产生怎样的影响，对目前相关研究的缺乏做出了有益的补充。

Through the perennial practice on collecting and utilizing journals, the author analyses the accumulating and reverse accumulating phenomena in the library collected journals and investigates the proceeding pattern of the core documents related to marine transportation with the well-known Bradford Law and other accumulating effect taws of documentary informatics.

作者通过我所情报文献采集和使用的多年实践，应用当代文献学中著名的布赖特福定律，分析了馆藏文献的堆加和逆堆加现象，探索了船舶运输情报核心文献的形成规律。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。