文献

Inclusion criteria: according to the published time, we chose those which related to the following contents: the manometric studies on the pressure asymmetry character described from qualitative to quantitative respects, the basic research literatures on the anatomy construction character of the anal sphincter which determined the pressure asymmetry, and this pressure asymmetry was used to evaluate quantitatively the clinical application and biofeedback of the functional status of the sphincter.

纳入标准：按照文献发表年代顺序纳入从定性到定量角度阐述括约肌压力偏位特点的测压研究文献，肛门外括约肌解剖学构筑特点决定压力偏位的基础研究文献，此压力偏位用于定量评价括约肌功能状态的临床应用及生物反馈应用文献。

While library resource sharing is shifting to the new networking environment era, it is also in face of a lot of new challenges and"Access versus Assets"is becoming the new theme of the resource sharing in this new networking era, based on this point this thesis studies the development and the transformation of the resource sharing both in practice and in theory in the networking environment, particularly focus on a serial of issues, including the construction of resource sharing system, digital information resource, digital library, interlibrary loan, document delivery service and collection development etc. The writer also analyzes the coexsitence of the traditional resource sharing and modernizational resource sharing and the relationship between them in 21st, explores the revolutionary changes of resource sharing as the"Assets"model is driving to the"Access"model, discusses the development of specific collection for a single library and how to construct a seamless integrated information resource system in the networking environment, systematically studies and introduces the new organization model of resource sharing, especially emphases that document delivery is the key of the success in resource sharing, and finally tries to outline the main trends which will influence resource sharing.

本文立足于网络环境下资源共享的新主题：存取与拥有，研究和分析了网络环境下资源共享及其体系建设，包括电子信息资源、数字图书馆建设、馆际互借、文献传递服务、文献资源建设等几方面在理论和实践中的发展和变革；论述了21世纪初网络环境下传统型和现代型两种层次并存的资源共享；探讨了文献资源建设从"拥有"模式到"存取"模式的重大转变、特色馆藏建设和无缝一体的网络信息资源体系的建设途径；较为全面、系统地研究和介绍了网络环境下资源共享的新型组织模式的形成及其特点；强调了文献传递是实现资源共享的关键；并试图准确把握网络环境下资源共享研究和实践的发展趋势。

In this paper,the definition modes of Lebesgue integral of non-negative measurable functions are studied by the way of cutting defining and valued rids,approaching with simple function series.The four definitions of Lebesgue integral of non-negative measurable functions are given.Furthermore,their e- quivalence properties are proved by elementary knowledge.

文献〔1」利用非负可测函数在Ef镇司上积分的极限定义了f在有界可测集E上的L积分；文献[2」利用非负递增简单函数列积分的极限定义了非负可测函数的L积分；文献[3]给出了L积分的一种统一定义；文献〔4一6〕分别证明了测度

The author recommends the following principles: native literature, value and importance, free from copyright, and microcopy.

作者认为馆藏文献优先数字化的原则是：具有较高价值的本国文献，不受版权约束的文献，以及馆藏文献的缩微胶片拷贝。

In chapter one,we discuss tournament matrices that can not end in tie and theyare(0,1)-matrices,we first obtain a better lower bound for the number of regulartournament matrices,then we discuss the payoff matrix of tournament matrix,obtainsome properties of positive tournament matrices,a correlation between the spectralof a tournament matrix and its payoff matrix.We find serveal conditions that areequivalaent to a tournament matrix having 1 as its a eigenvalue.

第一章讨论不允许平局的竞赛矩阵-（0，1）-矩阵，得到了正则竞赛矩阵数目的一个下界，它改进了文献〓中已有的结果；在文献〓的基础上进一步讨论了正竞赛矩阵的性质，给出了利用已知平衡向量构造新平衡向量的方法；讨论了竞赛矩阵和它的支付矩阵的特征值之间的关系；指出了文献〓中的一个错误，回答了文献〓中的一个公开问题，得到了整数1为竞赛矩阵的特征值的充要条件及这种矩阵的谱根与得分向量之间的关系。

Naturally,we confront with such a problem:can we generalizethe systematic work on the classical boundary value problem for analytic func-tions and singular integral equation to Clifford analysis?And so this problemhas especially theoretical and practical meaning,and naturally this problem hasbecome a common hot topic for mathematicians at home or abroad.

其结果在一定程度上推广了一些经典文献的结果，取消了这些在经典文献结果中对s=0或s=n的条件限制，需要指出的是，据作者所知，到目前为止，本文也是第一次系统而又比较深入地研究了取值在泛Clifford代数〓上的超复函数的性质，并获得了比较系统而又深入的结果；另外，本文还对Clifford分析中的某些比较特殊的Riemann边值问题与奇异积分方程做了一定程度的研究，由于文中所用的方法较曾经出现的文献而言有着根本的改进，因此，本文去掉了从前在这一问题的研究过程中所做出的一些不必要的条件限制，从而使得在比以往条件更弱的情况下，获得了比以前文献中更多的结果。

Chemiluminescent immunoassay is one of the advanced immunoassay ofnon-radioisotopic immunoassay because of its high sensitivity, wide dynamic range,high accuracy, stable labeled protein, full automation and extensive application field.CLIA using acridinium ester derivatives as chemiluminescent label has advantages oflow background, high signal-to-noise ratio, no need of catalyst and simpleluminescence system. Different aspects associating the DMAE·NHS-based CLIA were studied in thisthesis, including synthesis of acridinium ester, chemiluminescentcharacteristics of DMAE·NHS, labelling antibody or streptavidin with DMAE·NHS,two-site sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay for TSH, two-sitesandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay involved biotin-streptavidinsystem for TSH, and competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay usingbiotin-streptavidin system for TT〓. The desired acridinium ester, DMAE·NHS, was synthesized according to thereference method with some modifications. The products were identified by IR, NMR,MS and elemental analysis. In our method, KOH was used in place of NaOH tosynthesize benzyl ester of 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid,2',6'-dimethyl-4'-(n-succinimidyloxycarbonyl) phenyl-acridinium-9-carboxylate waspurified on a silica gel column with chloroform/ethylacetate(4:1, v/v) as eluent andfurther purified by triturating with hexane/acetone(2:1, v/v).

DMAE·NHS的合成是本论文的关键和难点，我们对文献方法进行改进：文献方法用氢氧化钠与3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸反应制得3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸钠，再用3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸钠与苄氯作用制备3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸苄酯，我们用氢氧化钾代替氢氧化钠，使合成取得成功；在合成2'，6'-二甲基-4'-苯基-吖啶-9-甲酸酯时，文献方法对粗产品进行两次硅胶柱层析纯化，第一次柱层析用氯仿／乙酸乙酯(4∶1，V∶V)作溶剂和淋洗剂，第二次柱层析用己烷／丙酮(2∶1，V∶V)作溶剂和淋洗剂，按照文献方法得到的不是所需要的化合物，我们只进行第一次柱层析纯化，然后用己烷／丙酮(2∶1，V∶V)进行研磨，过滤，洗涤，除去溶于己烷／丙酮(2∶1，V∶V)的部分，得到所需要的产品。

An explicit definition of local peak is shown, and the existence condition of local peak is given. It is proved that the GA is constringent at the neighbor of its local peak. The theoretical evidences of some improvements on GA are given, which points out the way forward for improving GAs performance.

关于遗传算法的收敛性研究的一些典型结果包括：文献 [2 ]分析了在种群规模无穷的情况下典型遗传算法的收敛性；文献 [3]证明了典型遗传算法不收敛，而如果对算法采取记录每一代中最佳个体的策略，则改进的算法收敛；文献 [4]提出了一种等价的遗传算法，并给出了收敛条件与收敛速度；文献 [5 ]研

Methods: Lateral comparison of Freud on death instinct literature, Kohut on narcissism literature, with Buddhism on impermanence and moksha literature, links the commonality of these literatures, and also combines with relevant in-depth discussion of psychoanalysis case.

横向比较弗洛伊德关于死本能的文献、科胡特关于自恋的文献、佛教关于无常和解脱等文献，联接文献中的共通性，并结合相关精神分析案例进行深入研讨。

Methods: Lateral comparison of Freud on death instinct literature, Kohut on narcissism literature, with Buddhism on impermanence and moksha literature, links the commonality of these literatures, and also combines with relevant in-depth discussion of psychoanalysis case.

目标：探讨精神分析的超越性，同时比较精神分析与佛教的哲学关系。方法：横向比较弗洛伊德关于死本能的文献、科胡特关于自恋的文献、佛教关于无常和解脱等文献，联接文献中的共通性，并结合相关精神分析案例进行深入研讨。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。