文法学者

By Hadrian he was given in adoption to Aurelius,13 when Hadrian, making abundant provision for the succession, wished to make Pius his son and Marcus his grandson; and he was given on the condition that he should espouse the daughter of Pius.14 She was later given to Marcus, however, as we have related in his life,15 because Verus seemed too much her junior in years, while Verus took to wife Marcus' daughter Lucilla.16 He was reared in the House of Tiberius,17 and received instruction from the Latin grammarian Scaurinus (the son of the Scaurus18 who had been Hadrian's teacher in grammar), the Greeks Telephus, Hephaestio, Harpocratio, the rhetoricians Apollonius, Caninius Celer,19 Herodes Atticus, and the Latin Cornelius Fronto, his teachers in philosophy being Apollonius20 and Sextus.21 For all of these he cherished a deep affection, and in return he was beloved by them, and this despite his lack of natural gifts in literary studies.

他被哈德良交给奥利留斯收养（13），当时哈德良正忙于为王位的继承作准备，打算让皮乌斯成为他的儿子，而马尔库斯成为他的孙子；他本来预备要娶皮乌斯的女儿（14）。但她后来嫁给了马尔库斯，如我们在他的传记里说的（15），因为维鲁斯的年龄太小了，后来他娶了马尔库斯的女儿露西娜（16）。他在台伯河上的家里长大（17），由拉丁文法家萨卡林努斯（哈德良的文法教师萨卡路斯（18）的儿子），希腊人特里福斯，赫菲斯提奥，哈波卡提奥，修辞学者阿波罗纽斯，卡林留斯。克涅尔（19），赫路德斯。阿提库斯，和拉丁人克列留斯。弗隆托教导。他的哲学教师是阿波罗纽斯（20）和塞图斯（21）。他对他们都怀着深深的珍爱，反过来，他也被他们所爱，尽管他在文学方面没什么天赋。

For generative grammarians, grammar is innate, autonomous and universal.

对於衍生文法学者来讲，文法是与生俱来的，是自给自足的，也是全人类通用的。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷