文明社会

Whether in tribal societies or in great empires of ancient civilization, exogamous alliance is always important means to strengthen the statues of a social group.

无论是在部落社会还是古代文明帝国，外婚联姻都是增强集团社会地位的重要手段。

It is the main social issue fronted by all countries in the world that fightting for the crime, and to reform the criminal to law-abiding citizen is the main task of social civilization and progress.

同犯罪现象作斗争，是当代世界各国共同面临的重大社会问题；将罪犯改造成为守法公民，是社会文明与进步的重要任务。

Either at the point of Marx's theory about inherent restriction and external restriction on freedom or taking the functional theory's stand that argues for the role of division of social class, these different treatments are unreasonable and impeditive for social progress as superstructures, so they have formed legal inequality.

无论是从马克思关于自由的内在限制和外在限制的观点看，还是从人类政治文明发展的一般进程看，甚至从对社会分层持积极解释立场的功能主义理论看，这些差别对待都是不合理的，都是阻碍和制约社会进步的落后的上层建筑，因此它们构成了法律上的不平等。

Either at the point of Marx's theory about inherent restriction and external restriction on freedom or taking the functional theory's stand that argues for the role of division of social class, these different treatments are unreasonable and impeditive for social progress as superstructures, so they have formed legal inequality.

无论是从马克思有关自由的内在限制和外在限制的观点看，还是从人类政治文明发展的一般进程看，甚至从对社会分层持积极解释立场的功能主义理论看，这些差别对待都是不合理的，都是阻碍和制约社会进步的落后的上层建筑，因此它们构成了法律上的不平等。

The remarkable merit of testament is its function of protecting the personal property's ownership, reducing and preventing the dissension in testate succession, improving the social civilization and building a harmonious and steady society.

遗嘱自由是遗嘱继承的灵魂，是意思自治这一民法基本原则在继承领域的集中体现，其价值在于：保护个人财产所有权、减少和预防继承纠纷、提高社会文明程度、维护社会安定。

The history of the development of criminal law is a history from uncivilization to civilization, from unrecklessness to reason, from severity to lightening, from antagonism to dialogue. Restorative justice is a new criminal law system, which develops form North America and Australia in the 1970s. For those offenders, restorative justice involves accepting responsibility for their actions, by repairing any harm they caused instead of being punished; For those harmed, restorative justice puts an eye on their damage right. And restorative justice repairs the damage relationship and it will meet the human seek for the value of justice, order and ratio. The study of restorative justice has become a wide law topic, which the whole world pays close attention to. Especially in China, because China is trying to build the harmonious social environment.

刑法发展的历史是一部由野蛮到文明、由恣意到理性、由严厉到轻缓、由对抗到对话的历史。20世纪七十年代开始，从北美和澳大利亚等地发展起来的恢复性司法模式，以一种&向前看&的态度对待犯罪人过去的犯罪行为，关注被害人权利的保障，修复被犯罪破坏的社会关系，更好地适应了人类对公正、秩序和效率等价值的追求，于世纪之交成为备受国际社会和构建和谐社会语境下的中国关注的一大法律课题。

Sexual harassment being a social behavior that seriously aggresses women's rights, hinders the progress of social civilization and affects the social harmony, it has been a legal tendency for every country to prohibit it by law.

内容摘要：性骚扰是一种严重侵犯妇女权利、妨碍社会文明进步和影响和谐社会的行为，在各国立法禁止性骚扰是法律的发展趋势，我国从中央立法和地方立法两个层面对保护妇女不受性骚扰方面做出规定，笔者综合分析了以上各个方面，并提出自己的建议，。

In the initial stage of the human society, human life was in a state of obscurity and ignorance, and their knowledge of nature and things was quite blank. At that time, humans were in a state of completely animalized living dominated by biological instincts. Humans were in barbarism, with no moral consciousness or knowledge of things. The production capacity was low and there was still no social intelligence to transform nature and things.

人类社会形成初期，人类生命完全处于朦胧未知的思想状态，对自然和事物的认识非常空白，当时人类完全处于以生物本能为主导的动物性生存状态，文明未开，没有道德意识和事物知识，生产力非常低下，改变自然和事物的社会智能还没有形成。

Progressive cultures have worked to free humanity from the brutalities of mere survival and to reduce suffering, improve society, and develop global community.

曾为人类文明进步的自由的粗暴仅仅从生存和减少痛苦，改善社会全球社会发展。

In this author's own essentialized reading of history, Song China is depicted as the mainstream of human development and the world's most advanced civilization, possessing 85% of global wealth and placing the Han on the doorstep of capitalism.

扪虱枭雄对历史的解读是，宋代中国代表着人类发展的主流，并拥有世界上最发达的文明：那时的中国社会享有全球85%财富并且已徘徊在资本主义社会的门口。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。