文明社会

Also studies in this field in China would be a new exploration of research with Chinese characteristics, and would be a new research area for educational psychology. In this study, from the perspective of educational psychology, using integrated research orientation, and adopting the methods used in cultural psychology, ethnopsychology, utilizing open questionnaire investigation, closed questionnaire investigation, expert consultation, case interview, random suffer method, analytical hierarchy process, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis etc., the researcher analyzed the structures of civilized mentality, and the psychological features of civilized mentality among teenagers in modern Chinese cities.

因此，植根于中国文化和中华民族文明心理思想的土壤之中，从当代中国青少年文明心理的现状、现代人的素质要求、和谐社会构建需要等实际出发来研究我国当代青少年的文明心理的结构及其特征，是心理科学密切联系社会现实需要，进行中国化研究的一种新的探索和任务，是教育心理学需要研究的现实而迫切的新领域。

Transformation period refers to changing from traditional society to the modern society, from agricultural civilization to the industrial civilization, from close society to the open society in transformation period and developing period, recognized as the crisis pilosity one by the countries all over the world.

转型期是指从传统社会向现代社会、从农业文明向工业文明、从封闭性社会向开放性社会变迁和发展时期，被世界各国公认为危机多发期。

As a part of enlightening culture, the enlightening literature is definitely a window that publicizes the logos spirit, however, literature is different from philosophy, literature is the artistic transexpression of the Zeitgeist, but not the direct expression of the rational principles, in the eighteenth century the thought of natural logos brought the production of the free humanity of literature, Faust pursues and explores forward constantly, which stands for the permanent"human"spirit, it means the human's release and rein on the atman, it is the natural situation after breaking the fetters, and it is the revertion of the human natural inbeing; Naive man is the unit that has not been touched by"civilization", it is the origianl nature of human beings, during the conflict and collision of these two different cultures--"nature"and"civilization", it holds the independent free spirit homestead; emotion is natural, when the society made it institutionalized, it is catabolized, Lockersha Na heard the voice of heart under the system of plural marriage, she released the human natural emotion, reverted the natural humanity; under the"civilization", individuality is deprived,"civilization"becomes the contrary of civilization, Rameau's nephew championed the individual existence and freedom in the period of losing"self", it stands for the"self"shaping in the independent pose.

启蒙文学作为启蒙文化的一部分，它自然是张扬自然理性精神的一个窗口，然而，文学又不同于哲学，文学是对时代精神作艺术化的转达，而不是理性原则的直接的传声筒，十八世纪自然理性的思想养料孕育的是文学中自由人性的灿烂之花，浮士德不断地向上求索，代表着永不息止的"人"的精神，"人"的精神是人对于自我本体的一种释放与驾驭，是挣脱枷锁之后的自由状态，是对人之自然本性的还原；天真汉是未曾受过"文明"浸染的个体，代表人类之原本的自然天性，在"自然"与"文明"两种异质文化的冲突与碰撞中，维系着个体独立自由的精神家园；情感本属自然的，在社会将其制度化的同时，也将其异化了，洛克莎娜在一夫多妻制下，聆听的是个体心底之声，释放人之自然感情，复原自然之人性；"文明"下，个体性被剥夺，"文明"已堕入文明的对立面，拉摩的侄儿在"我"丧失的时代，捍卫了个体自我的在场性与自由性，代表了以独立个体之姿存在的"我"。

Executives are considered to be the elite of the society and should set an example for other members of the society.

管理文明是社会文明的组成部分，为社会文明作出了具体和重要的贡献。

Position: as an integrating element of a culture, public buildings reflect the values of a society.a: on the one hand, public buildings vary in style from culture to culture, representing the different aesthetic values of respective cultures.b: on the other hand, the different functions that public buildings serve in different societies directly reveal the different ideals and ways of life in those societies.78、position: the best alternative is to modernize the city while preserving as much as possible its symbols of the past.a: first, historic capitals or cultural centers, which were carefully designed and meticulously constructed, should be preserved as wholesomely as possible, because they represent historic pinnacles of cultural and artistic sophistication.b: second, rare old buildings of lasting historic value that represent some bygone era are worth preserving.c: finally, with advanced building technologies, city planers can even move the sporadic old buildings and put them together in a specially designated location.

参考观点16。论点：部分的建筑反映了社会的态度和价值，但也有部分建筑只是反映少数人的态度和价值。论据：有的建筑，如学校、法院等建筑分别反映了社会对待教育、法制的态度，体现了社会进步。但有的建筑，只是作为某些领导者或是建筑师的独特意识和价值观的表现，并不能代表着社会的态度。78。论点：部分的老建筑反映了以往社会的态度和价值，有着特殊的保留意义，但大多数的老建筑没有高价值，可以拆除，使地方用于现代目的。论据：在老建筑中，那些经历过特殊事件的或有着其他特殊意义的，尤其是独一无二的老建筑，应该被保留，并且要细心的维护，因为它们反映了以往社会的历史与文明。但大多数老建筑是没有太多历史意义的，它们总归要被新建筑、新价值所淘汰。这时，为了社会的进步，文明的发展，这些老建筑都可以被拆除。

Meanwhile, we are the social form by industrial society in the information society, our civilization by industrial civilization and towards ecological civilization, this adumbrative a new era - ecological civilization era.

与此同时，我们的社会形态正由工业社会进入信息社会，我们的文明也由工业文明走向生态文明，这预示着一个新时代——生态文明时代的开始。

In the background dependence of political civilization,from the mercy and bounty of governor to the enjoyment and request of own rights embodies the efforts and struggles of the proletariat in order to constitute the socail assistance legal institutions,which offers the room of political system where the social assistance legal institutions are able to exist and develop and strengthen;In the background dependence of economic system,the simple truth which the economic foundation determines the superstructure exerts its advancing logic concretely and really,where the gap between the poor and the rich will be widened continuely in the condition of market economy,and the dependence on the social assistance legal institutions for the poor will be more rainforced,and the request of rights for social assistance will become intense increasingly;In the background dependence of cultural tradition,the relief ideology such as Great Harmony Society,the ideality of equal wealth and the pursuit of the idea that those who have no kin and cann't support themselves can all be cultivated and so on which goes back to ancient times has been depositted into a luscious cultural tradition and Confucianism allegates implementing the humanity politics and sparkplugs cultivating and compensating people,which results in the thoughts of taking civilian as the foundation that occupy the inrooted station in Chinese culture,and the arrangements of social assistance legal institutions response the continue of renation in Chinese traditional culture;In the background dependence of internationalization,the ideaistic assimilation and the spread of arterial values quicken the speed of civilized fusion,and the social assistance legal institutions should response positively the relative legislative concept and methods which the world has achieved the common understanding on the base of using initialively the legislative experiences in the developed country and the ones where the relative institutions reach a better performance for reference.

政治文明背景依赖方面，由统治者怜悯、恩赐到自己权利的享有和诉求，本身就体现出无产阶级为建立社会救助法律制度所付出的努力和奋斗，因此社会救助法律制度完全具有自己存在、发展和壮大的政治体制空间；经济体制背景依赖方面，经济基础决定上层建筑的朴实真理具体而实在地发挥着自己的演进逻辑，市场经济条件下贫富差距会继续扩大，贫困居民对社会救助法律制度的依赖会进一步加强，其社会救助权诉求也将会变得日益强烈；文化传统背景依赖方面，大同社会、均贫富理想、鳏寡孤独废疾者皆有所养的追求等中国源源流长的救济思想都已经沉淀为一种浓厚的文化传统，儒家思想主张实施仁政，倡导养民、恤民，民本思想在中国文化中占据着根深蒂固的地位，社会救助法律制度安排回应了中国传统文化脉络的延续；国际化背景依赖方面，观念的同化和主流价值观的流播，使文明的互融速度加快，社会救助法律制度需要主动借鉴发达国家以及相关制度具有较好绩效国家的立法经验，积极回应全球已达成共识的社会救助立法理念和方法。

As a part of enlightening culture, the enlightening literature is definitely a window that publicizes the logos spirit, however, literature is different from philosophy, literature is the artistic transexpression of the Zeitgeist, but not the direct expression of the rational principles, in the eighteenth century the thought of natural logos brought the production of the free humanity of literature, Faust pursues and explores forward constantly, which stands for the permanent"human"spirit, it means the human's release and rein on the atman, it is the natural situation after breaking the fetters, and it is the revertion of the human natural inbeing; Naive man is the unit that has not been touched by"civilization", it is the origianl nature of human beings, during the conflict and collision of these two different cultures--"nature"and"civilization", it holds the independent free spirit homestead; emotion is natural, when the society made it institutionalized, it is catabolized, Lockersha Na heard the voice of heart under the system of plural marriage, she released the human natural emotion, reverted the natural humanity; under the"civilization", individuality is deprived,"civilization"becomes the contrary of civilization, Rameau's nephew championed the individual existence and freedom in the period of losing"self", it stands for the"self"shaping in the independent pose.

启蒙文学作为启蒙文化的一部分，它自然是张扬自然理性精神的一个窗口，然而，文学又不同于哲学，文学是对时代精神作艺术化的转达，而不是理性原则的直接的传声筒，十八世纪自然理性的思想养料孕育的是文学中自由人性的灿烂之花，浮士德不断地向上求索，代表着永不息止的&人&的精神，&人&的精神是人对于自我本体的一种释放与驾驭，是挣脱枷锁之后的自由状态，是对人之自然本性的还原；天真汉是未曾受过&文明&浸染的个体，代表人类之原本的自然天性，在&自然&与&文明&两种异质文化的冲突与碰撞中，维系着个体独立自由的精神家园；情感本属自然的，在社会将其制度化的同时，也将其异化了，洛克莎娜在一夫多妻制下，聆听的是个体心底之声，释放人之自然感情，复原自然之人性；&文明&下，个体性被剥夺，&文明&已堕入文明的对立面，拉摩的侄儿在&我&丧失的时代，捍卫了个体自我的在场性与自由性，代表了以独立个体之姿存在的&我&。

Disobey traffic rules,passerbys pass through at will,the traffics placed the wrong zone ,some impolite behaviors on the bus ,no treasures for city public situation,throw baggages,expectorations here and there ,stick and draw some stuffs,misunderstand convenance ......

不遵守交通规则、行人乱穿马路、车辆乱停乱放、挤车抢座；不爱护市容环境、乱丢垃圾、随地吐痰、乱贴乱画、不懂礼仪、不守秩序、不爱护公共设施、喧哗吵闹等不文明行为，教育引导人们懂礼仪规矩、讲文明言语、守公共秩序，引导市民从我做起、从现在做起、从点滴做起，自觉遵守社会公德，维护公共秩序，养成文明行为，树立塘沽人的现代文明新形象，为2008年北京奥运会的成功举办创造文明和谐的环境。

This thesis is the result of the cultural and artistic expedition that I conducted to understand the historical changes of Camino de Santiago, which has traditionally called the Way of Saint James, a pilgrimage road in Spain in Europe.

中文摘要朝圣是人类文明共有的宗教活动和社会现象，也是维系文明的精神与物质世界间的一条重要纽带。通过朝圣，那些散落的文明之珠成为完整而有生命的文明整体，通过研究朝圣，可以深入了解一个文明。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。