文昌鱼

This experiment provide the gists on the molecular level for studying and protection of Amphioxus.

将11条文昌鱼雌性个体和11条文昌鱼雄性个体分别作为两个群体来研究。

However, there is no report about amphioxus Rab23 up to now except the annotations of two isoforms in the genome of Florida lancelet.

目前关于文昌鱼Rab23同源基因的研究仅局限于佛罗里达文昌鱼基因组中的注释。

The larva-specific expression level of the function correlated to celluar components was the highest.The highest specific expression level of molecular function was appeared at neurula stage.A lot of functional specific expression about biological process was also appeared at neurula stage.7.The result showed that the pearson correlation coefficient was 0.896 compared between the sea urchin and Ciona savignyi.

进一步分析发现：在与细胞组件相关的功能特异性表达方面，幼体期的特异性表达量最高；在与分子功能活性相关的功能特异性表达中，神经胚时期的特异性表达量最高；而参与生物过程的功能特异性表达方面，神经胚时期的特异性表达量则最高。7不同物种间转录组分析显示尾索动物海鞘的转录组与棘皮动物海胆的最接近，其相关系数为0.896，而海胆与文昌鱼的相关系数只有0.682，结果表明在进化上文昌鱼可能与脊椎动物更接近。8运用Apache、php、MySQL技术搭建了Widows平台的文昌鱼EST分析数据库。

Firstly,the presence and location of AAT in amphioxus was studied by Westernblotting and immunohistochemical methods.The results first revealed that AATpresent in amphioxus,a cephalochordate.Also it was demonstrated that AATdistributed in cellular plasma in hepatic diverticulum,the pouch that protrudesforward as an outpocketing of the digestive tube and extends along the right side ofthe posterior part of the pharynx,which has long been considered to be the precursorof vertebrate liver.In vertebrate,AAT is primary synthesized in liver.

我们首先利用免疫组化和Western blotting方法，研究了AAT在文昌鱼的组织表达和定位，首次在头索动物文昌鱼中证明了AAT的存在，结果显示，AAT定位于文昌鱼肝盲囊的细胞浆内，从AAT在文昌鱼中的合成部位来看，在功能上文昌鱼的肝盲囊等同于脊椎动物肝脏，肝盲囊是在发育分化过程中消化道组织向右前方突出沿着咽后部向前扩展和延伸形成的一个囊袋状结构。

However, some recent studies demonstrated that urochordate sea squirt is the sister group of vertebrates instead of cephalochordates.In order to further elucidate the relationship in cephalochordates,urochordates and vertebrates and therefore,it is very essential for carting through transcriptome-wide analysis of amphioxusand comparating with sea Urchin and sea squirt.In addition,it would also provide an important foundation for further annotating and assembling of the forthcomingly publicized amphioxus genome.

近来分子系统学的研究结果对文昌鱼的进化地位提出了挑战，因此本论文在文昌鱼基因组计划尚未完成之前，对文昌鱼EST序列的转录组比较分析以及EST数据库分析平台的建立，为更进一步地注释文昌鱼的基因功能、揭示其进化地位以及比较基因组学的研究都具有十分重要的理论与实践意义。

It is commonly accepted that amphioxus in both Bohai Sea and Japanese waters belong to Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense, a subspecies of B.belcheri, according to the previous survey on the morphological characteristics.

该文测定了厦门海域和青岛海域的文昌鱼mtDNA COI和Cyt b基因的部分序列，并与日本产的文昌鱼以及产于大西洋的几种文昌鱼进行了比较。

This thesis mainly focus on the Enzyme histochemistry and TEM observation of trunk muscle from Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense; isolation and recombinant expression of Bbt-myosin heavy chain isoforms; characterization and expression of Bbt-nascent-polypeptide-associated complexαsubunit.In NADH Enzyme histochemistry, two types of muscle lamella can be distinguished .

本论文主要对青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense)肌肉组织进行了酶组织化学实验和电镜观察，分离了青岛文昌鱼肌球蛋白重链基因异构体并将其重组表达；克隆了青岛文昌鱼新生肽链相关复合体α亚基基因，并检测了其时空表达情况。

Moreover,it was demonstrated that the threesubstances,E,DE and DA,increased dramatically and quickly after LPS treatment.Also,it was revealed that the changes of three substances were more quickly than thechanges of the above mentioned APPs during the same LPS treatment.Thesesuggested that the three substances existed as neurotransmitter.The presence and thechange of the CAs in amphioxus after treated with LPS indicated the evolutionaryexistence of CAs and acute phase response in the protochordate lineage.

第四，我们用高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography，HPLC)，探讨了LPS感染文昌鱼儿茶酚胺类神经递质的变化，优化了同时测定文昌鱼体液中NE、E和DA三种CAs的HPLC方法，并首次发现，文昌鱼体液中同时存在NE、E、和DA三种CAs物质，其中，E在文昌鱼中首次报道，这三种物质在LPS感染文昌鱼后浓度升高非常明显，与同期的APPs相比变化更为迅速，也体现了神经递质的主导作用，文昌鱼的CAs系统也具有了类似脊椎动物CAs系统的功能，可以初步判断CAs系统的进化源头由脊椎动物可推回到头索类。

These results also provedthe presence of the same acute phase response profile in amphioxus,as observed ineutherians.Thus it pushed the evolutionary existence of the eutherian-like acute phaseresponse back to the protochordate lineage.Fourthly,we determined CAs,including epinephrine、norepinephrin anddopamine,with HPLC method optimized after LPS challenged amphioxus.Theresults demonstrated that E,DE and DA are present in amphioxus humoral fluid,andE was firstly found in amphioxus.

第三，我们用生物化学方法，选取海洋中广泛存在、众多水产动物的常见致病菌-溶藻弧菌作为天然反应原感染文昌鱼，从另外一个角度探讨并丰富文昌鱼体液中的八种炎性蛋白的急性时相反应，结果显示，与LPS感染文昌鱼相比，六种正APPs的浓度变化幅度相对较小，曲线相对平缓，但仍然呈正急性时相反应，蛋白电泳也证实了这一点；而二种负APPs：RBP和白蛋白(Albumin，ALB)浓度实验周期内总体呈下降的趋势，呈负急性时相反应，结论与上述LPS相同。

The captive lancelets were cultured in the laboratory and fed daily with unicellular algae.

经过3年多的持续实验室养殖，继2005年夏季于实验室内繁殖出子一代文昌鱼后，又在2006年夏季成功获得了这两种文昌鱼的子二代，初步实现文昌鱼在实验室内的全人工养殖。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失