文学的

First,inspected Zhang Tianyi novel's practical pursue and the criticalness strengthens,he can always adhere to the spirit of realism,and integrates own life to realize from experience,entrusts with its meaning of the times,has affected the new writers' creative thinking,and find a new way for the left-wing literature being forward;next, Zhang Tianyi profited from some theatrical creation factor to realize its satire intention,has had the important influence to the 1930's satire literatures,expanded its influence,urged the satire literature to move towards flourishing;Once again, Zhang Tianyi novel's modernity search has made the preliminary conformity and the standard to Modern Chinese Literature's modernity reforming regards the realism ideological trend in China's changing,its modernity value and the significance, were urging the literature powerfully in 1930's to modernized forward.

首先，考察了张天翼小说的写实性追求和批判性强化，他能够始终坚持写实的精神，并融入自己的生命体悟，赋予其时代的意义，影响了新文学作家的创作思维，为正在前进中的左翼文学找到了新的路向；其次，张天翼借鉴了一些戏剧性的创作因素来实现其讽刺的意图，对30年代的讽刺文学产生了重要影响，扩大了其影响，促使着讽刺文学逐渐走向繁兴；再次，张天翼小说的现代性探求对中国现代文学的现代性转型做出了初步的整合和规范来看待现实主义思潮在中国的流变，其所具有的现代性价值与意义，有力地促使着文学在1930年代向现代化的迈进。

Chapter 4 ----the theory of literature influence, exclusively discusses about the influence picaresque novel has on the European literature in 17th and 18th century, and the influence picaresque novel has on the American-European literature in 19th and 20th century.

第四章《文学影响论》，通过对历代欧美文学的检视与梳理，分别论述了流浪汉小说对十七与十八世纪欧洲文学的影响，流浪汉小说对十九与二十世纪欧美文学的影响。

Based upon such an expected aim, this thesis, using the form of commentary history of literature, has rather deeply discussed in the 20th century China's realism literature initiating problems situations, its beginning motives and actual development orientation, the problem of multiplication and univalence as one of the inner forming elements, the relationship between literature types and social cognition, problems concerning realism literature and modern China's internal anxiety, by focusing on problems such as"from Liang Qichao to Hu Shi,""Young Mao Dun's Upholding in Literature","Around Modern ","Lu Xun and the New Paradigms in Chinese Literature","Lao She's Style and His Concept about China", and"Hu Feng and Modern China's Subjective Anxiety", etc.

基于此一预期目的，本论文采用史论形式，以问题为中心选择了"从梁启超到胡适"、"青年茅盾的文学主张"、"在《现代》周围"、"鲁迅与中国文学的新范式"、"老舍的文体和他的中国观"及"胡风与现代中国的主体焦虑"等专题，较为深入地探讨了现实主义文学在20世纪中国兴起的问题情境、它的初始动机和实际发展路向、作为其内在构成要素之一的多样性与单一化问题、文学型式与社会认知之间的关系、现实主义文学与现代中国的内在焦虑等问题。

Zhou Zuoren held that literature not only had close relations with religion,but mostly its development also originated from religion;although literature gradually got separated from religion since modern times,but there were many common places between them,especially modern humanitarianist thought and literature had closer relations with Christianity.

周作人认为，文学不仅与宗教关系极为密切，而且文学的发达大都出于宗教，虽然近代以来文学逐渐脱离宗教，但它们之间仍有很多相同和相通的地方，尤其是近代人道主义思想和文学与基督教的关系更为密切。

Two professors in Young adult literature, Donelson and Nilson, in their authoritative survey, Literature for Today's Young Adults, note that in the late 1960s Zindel's first book, The Pigman, was a ground-breaking novel because it turned away from past pieties and established a new type of adolescent fiction in which teenagers dealing with interpersonal or social problems were depicted with candor and seriousness.

尼尔森和道诺尔森在《当代少年文学》( Literature For Today's Young Adults)中评论，保罗·金代尔的《猪人》犹如旋风刮进了少年文学文坛中，因为他一改过去少年文学的文风，创立了全新的少年文学类型。

It realizes and animadverts modernity in its special way by exposing the dark reality mercilessly and reappearing the ugly humanity objectively.

它创造性地把文学和科学结合起来，将生物学、遗传学等自然科学引入文学领域；它运用科学态度和方法指导文学创作，以真实、客观为文学的根本原则和出发点，将写实风格发展到极致；它打破了只从理性层面刻画人物的文学禁锢，从生理层面对人的生物性进行赤裸裸的写真；它通过对黑暗现实的无情揭露、对丑恶人性的客观再现，完成对现代性的独特体认和批判；它前承现实主义，后启现代主义，是文学史从近代向现代过渡中的一次重要的文化超越，具有极为重要的意义。

Firstly, the Russian tendency of the national new culture and the third international activity in northeast region came to a decision that Modern Northeast Literature in its beginning was under the influence of Russian culture and literature profoundly. Since 1931 northeast was occupied by Japan, the center topic of occupied era northeast literature became exposing the violence of Japanese and emblazing people\'s striving and exploring the darkness of society bottom. In this case, the Soviets revolutionary literature which went through October revolution and expressed the similar conflict topic turned into the study model of northeast writers. The creations of northeast writers was under the influence of Soviets revolutionary literature deeply in the topic, conceive outline, the character building.

首先，全国新文化运动的俄苏倾向和东北地区第三国际共运活动的开展共同决定了东北新文学在其开端就受到俄苏文化和文学的积极而深远的影响。1931年东北沦陷后，揭露日伪统治者的暴行，颂扬人民的反抗斗争，探究社会底层的黑暗成为沦陷时期东北文学的中心主题，在这种情况下，经历了十月革命炮火洗礼、表现相似的斗争主题的苏俄革命文学就成为文学素养相对薄弱的东北作家的学习榜样，东北作家的创作在主题、构思、人物形象塑造等多方面都受到了苏俄革命文学的深刻影响。

Firstly, the Russian tendency of the national new culture and the third international activity in northeast region came to a decision that Modern Northeast Literature in its beginning was under the influence of Russian culture and literature profoundly. Since 1931 northeast was occupied by Japan, the center topic of occupied era northeast literature became exposing the violence of Japanese and emblazing peoples striving and exploring the darkness of society bottom. In this case, the Soviets revolutionary literature which went through October revolution and expressed the similar conflict topic turned into the study model of northeast writers. The creations of northeast writers was under the influence of Soviets revolutionary literature deeply in the topic, conceive outline, the character building.

首先，全国新文化运动的俄苏倾向和东北地区第三国际共运活动的开展共同决定了东北新文学在其开端就受到俄苏文化和文学的积极而深远的影响。1931年东北沦陷后，揭露日伪统治者的暴行，颂扬人民的反抗斗争，探究社会底层的黑暗成为沦陷时期东北文学的中心主题，在这种情况下，经历了十月革命炮火洗礼、表现相似的斗争主题的苏俄革命文学就成为文学素养相对薄弱的东北作家的学习榜样，东北作家的创作在主题、构思、人物形象塑造等多方面都受到了苏俄革命文学的深刻影响。

Her works shows the positive aspects of black life and the confirmation to black identity. But because the "protest literature" was popular at that time, her poetic description about the black life was unpopular. Their Eyes Were Watching God is representative of Hurston. Because it was not like the mainstream of black literature in which the strong ethnic conflict and the protest originated from the racial discrimination and oppression appears, then when it was released, it was on the criticism by cold-shouldered, and was buried into the dust years.

他们眼望上苍》是赫斯顿的代表作，这部小说没有像当时的主流黑人文学那样表现强烈的种族冲突和对种族歧视和压迫的抗议，因此一发表就遭到黑人作家的批评，受到冷落，被埋入岁月的尘埃之中，直到女权运动高涨的20世纪70年代，才从尘(来源：A1aBC论文网www.abclunwen.com)封的历史中被发掘，现在，它被西方学术界誉为美国黑人文学，女性主义文学和20世纪美国文学的经典，第一部黑人女性主义文学作品。

Based on articles, prefaces, postscripts of the LRS anchors, its major publications as well as other scholars studies on this society, the thesis aims to reassess its literary and political pursuits, translation activities and contributions to modern Chinese literature so as to reveal possible cultural constraints in a historical and social frame.

本文将文学研究会置入其产生的历史文化背景之中，深入研究了文学研究会主要成员的论文、前言、后记、译序，文学研究会主要出版物的期刊目录和书目以及其他学者的相关研究成果，对其主要的文学政治主张、翻译活动和对中国现代文学的贡献进行梳理，以期揭示影响其翻译活动的社会文化因素。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。