文学

With the extension and popularity of internet a new literature style—internet literature made an afflux to the literary world, which not only breaks the structure in which literature printing on papers monopolize literary world, but also shows us that literature, after entering the digital era, will inevitably take a series of changes in its form and characteristics as well.

随着网络媒介的延伸和普及，一种崭新的文学样式——网络文学涌进文坛，这不仅打破了纸质印刷文学独占文坛的格局，也昭示着文学进入数字化时代以后，自身形态与特质不可避免地要发生一系列新的变化。

Bakhtin concluded Alliteration thought stressed on studyingliterature genre, through studying the relationship of alliterative novel and dialogue theory, gostep further to apply Dialogue theory into the literature study.

复调是巴赫金对文学体裁的学术研究，通过分析复调小说与对话理论的关系，进一步"细化"对话理论在文学中的应用；狂欢是巴赫金对文学内容表现形式的学术研究，通过对狂欢性品格的来源分析，认证出狂欢文学与对话理论的内在联系。

According to the writer, Li balances literary critics w...ith other artistic categories, and appreciates critical works from the height of aesthetics. From Li's brand-new perspective, critique is not only"independent"but also"artistic", which is of remarkable significance as regards its implication in the revolutionary changes of literary criticism. The 2nd chapter"literary criticism is a form of discovery", literarily refers to Li Jianwu stressed that critic main body consciousness to text permeating, and his claims on critics'subjectivity and capabilities in aesthetic judgments. The writer concludes Li's ideas as the three following aspects:"critique is self-discovery","critique is the discovery of the writer's mind", and"critique is the discovery of humanity in literature", and gives full illustration one by one.

他把文学批评放在了与其他艺术品类平等的位置，并且从审美的高度衡量文学批评，认为批评是&独立的批评&，也是&艺术的批评&，其意义非常深远，具有文学批评革命性的改变这一意味在里面；第二章&文学批评是一种发现&指的是李健吾强调批评家主体意识对文本的渗入，要求发挥批评家的主体作用和审美判断能力，笔者将此概括为：&批评是自我的发现&、&批评是作家心灵的发现&、&批评是作品中人性的发现&三个方面，并一一进行阐释；第三章重点论述李健吾文学批评的模式。

In his opinion, literature is in the broad sense which includes not only types of literature in modern sense, but also other styles such as historical writings, political tractates, essays about philosophy and life and so on. Whatever expresses feeling and reveals "Tao" of life in words should be regarded as literature, That is to say, should have the spirit of literature.

在他看来，文学是广义的，它不仅包括现代意义上的文学诸体裁，其他文体诸如史学著作、政论、哲学与人生随笔等等，凡是在文字中表达了人生的情感、抒写了人生大道的都是文学，或者说，都具有文学的精神，文学与史学、哲学是相通的。

The former not only influenced the vocabulary and grammar of Chinese, but also made into shape a new literary style-writing in vernacular, and stimulated us to put more emphasis on formal composition. The latter introduced many new literary ideas and new writing techniques into Chinese literature and especially influenced our novel-writing deeply.

佛经翻译不但影响了汉语言的词汇和文法，而且促成了中国文学新体－白话文体的产生，使中国文学注重形式上的布局与结构；近代外国文学的翻译发展了中国文学新的文学理念和新的创作手法，尤其是对当时的小说艺术形式的新变产生了巨大影响。

Therefore, literature education began to develop a kind of education with attention to knowledge and skill, because it is hard to implement the education of aesthetics during the curriculum. The literature education in high school is close to pre-education for college, it mainly teach history of literature. Chapter 5 focuses on the influence from scientific concepts on literature education during 1930s. This influence can be detected easily from text books, among them, the percentage of literal writings becomes stable.

中学文学教育以独立的学程谋求自身价值的实现，但毕竟蕴涵在语文教育中，并不能摆脱社会现实、学制宗旨对国语教育的各项要求，文学教育开始向一种知识技能型的教育靠拢，以文学作品为中心的美育及情感教育意义上&文学&很难在课堂上实现；高中的文学教育则近于大学的&预科&式教育，文史是其主要的形态。

Her works shows the positive aspects of black life and the confirmation to black identity. But because the "protest literature" was popular at that time, her poetic description about the black life was unpopular. Their Eyes Were Watching God is representative of Hurston. Because it was not like the mainstream of black literature in which the strong ethnic conflict and the protest originated from the racial discrimination and oppression appears, then when it was released, it was on the criticism by cold-shouldered, and was buried into the dust years.

他们眼望上苍》是赫斯顿的代表作，这部小说没有像当时的主流黑人文学那样表现强烈的种族冲突和对种族歧视和压迫的抗议，因此一发表就遭到黑人作家的批评，受到冷落，被埋入岁月的尘埃之中，直到女权运动高涨的20世纪70年代，才从尘(来源：A1aBC论文网www.abclunwen.com)封的历史中被发掘，现在，它被西方学术界誉为美国黑人文学，女性主义文学和20世纪美国文学的经典，第一部黑人女性主义文学作品。

Based on articles, prefaces, postscripts of the LRS anchors, its major publications as well as other scholars studies on this society, the thesis aims to reassess its literary and political pursuits, translation activities and contributions to modern Chinese literature so as to reveal possible cultural constraints in a historical and social frame.

本文将文学研究会置入其产生的历史文化背景之中，深入研究了文学研究会主要成员的论文、前言、后记、译序，文学研究会主要出版物的期刊目录和书目以及其他学者的相关研究成果，对其主要的文学政治主张、翻译活动和对中国现代文学的贡献进行梳理，以期揭示影响其翻译活动的社会文化因素。

The paper analyses the personal character of JIAN'ANQIZI's works, after giving the definition of "the literary selfconsciousness". The paper thinks that JIAN'ANQIZI's great success in the individualized subject and in persuing literary technology symbolized "the selfconsciousness of literature" in JIAN'AN period. The appearance and activity of YEXIA CIRCLE OF SCHOLARS provided a literary environment and condition for "the literary selfconsciousness".

本文从&文学的自觉&的内涵出发，以建安七子的个性化创作为突破口，提出建安七子在&创作主题的个性化&和&对文学技术的追求&两方面所取得的成就表现了建安时代&文学的自觉&，而邺下文人集团的出现及其活动为&文学的自觉&在这时的出现提供了文学环境和土壤。

A study of forms, contents, languages, themes, and styles in western literature and literary works from the Roman Empire period to the present day. Focus is on the value and the importance of Western literature and the background of time that connect literary work with Western spiritual culture. Contemporary

研究罗曼时期至今的西方文学以及各种形式的文学作品，范围涉及文学作品的形式、内容、语言、构思以及西方文学的写作风格、价值和重要性等，另外还包括了使西方人的精神文化与西方文学作品相联在一起的时代背景。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。