文学

Tdking into account all the rctional elements concerned with all the literary trends before the 20th century in Europe,we can find that only the 17th and 18th century classicist and enlightenment literature can be considered to be rational literature.

对欧洲20世纪前各种文学思潮中的理性元素的综览显示：只有17、18世纪的古典主义、启蒙主义文学才堪称理性文学，此前彼后文学思潮中的理性倾向则只能称之为文学理性。

Co-writer as unity of self and others,promot the common prosperity of private and group writing;in the view of text,it breakthroughs some FCA of subject;intentional construction and reflection of extra-outsideness reading beyond the segmentation of writing、reading and commenting at past.

这就促进了网络文学群体创作和个人或私人写作的共同繁荣，破除了传统文学创作的所谓纯粹独创性和天才说；在文本方面，超位性写作和阅读突破了题材的一些禁区，在传统文学中是禁区的题材，在网络文学中获得了合法地位；超位性阅读的意向建构性和反思性有别于传统文学作者、读者、评论者的分离。

First,inspected Zhang Tianyi novel's practical pursue and the criticalness strengthens,he can always adhere to the spirit of realism,and integrates own life to realize from experience,entrusts with its meaning of the times,has affected the new writers' creative thinking,and find a new way for the left-wing literature being forward;next, Zhang Tianyi profited from some theatrical creation factor to realize its satire intention,has had the important influence to the 1930's satire literatures,expanded its influence,urged the satire literature to move towards flourishing;Once again, Zhang Tianyi novel's modernity search has made the preliminary conformity and the standard to Modern Chinese Literature's modernity reforming regards the realism ideological trend in China's changing,its modernity value and the significance, were urging the literature powerfully in 1930's to modernized forward.

首先，考察了张天翼小说的写实性追求和批判性强化，他能够始终坚持写实的精神，并融入自己的生命体悟，赋予其时代的意义，影响了新文学作家的创作思维，为正在前进中的左翼文学找到了新的路向；其次，张天翼借鉴了一些戏剧性的创作因素来实现其讽刺的意图，对30年代的讽刺文学产生了重要影响，扩大了其影响，促使着讽刺文学逐渐走向繁兴；再次，张天翼小说的现代性探求对中国现代文学的现代性转型做出了初步的整合和规范来看待现实主义思潮在中国的流变，其所具有的现代性价值与意义，有力地促使着文学在1930年代向现代化的迈进。

Ethics is an essential factor in literature aesthetic characteristics. Both literature and ethics are rooted in social life. Ethics embodied in literature is the need of both human beings and the society. Literature is the "emotionalization" of ethics, and ethics is the content of emotion.

认为道德关怀是文学审美品格中不可缺少的因素，文学与道德以社会生活为基础；文学表现道德是人类自身和社会的需要；文学描写生活离不开表现道德，文学是道德的"情化"，道德是情感的内容。

Also its status and significance in the literature structure in 1930s are explored from the angle of its imbroglio relationship with the literature trend of thought of that time, with the relationship between the periodical and the literature trend of thought as well as the function and significance of the periodical in the literature trend of thought as focus of attention.

论文从"文学思潮"的角度研究《现代》杂志，并以《现代》杂志和三十年代文学思潮的纠葛关系来探讨《现代》杂志在三十年代文学格局的地位和意义，主要着眼点在期刊同文学思潮的联系和期刊在文学思潮中的作用和意义。

We said "the ultra literature" the research technique, is refers to the literature research, surmounting literature own category, take the literature and the related area of knowledge's infall as a breakthrough point, studies between some literature and the external cultural relations.

我们所说的"超文学"研究方法，是指在文学研究中，超越文学自身的范畴，以文学与相关知识领域的交叉处为切入点，来研究某种文学与外来文化之间的关系。

Therefore, this article outlines three chapters, in which the first chapter discusses the prosperity of the Shanghai tabloids and tabloid literature and the causes; the second chapter discusses, from the discourse of the urban citizens'culture, the prosperity of the tabloid literature, the popular appeal of the tabloids and the urban citizens'cultural psychology of mammonism and plebeianism; the third chapter discusses, from the discourse of the elite culture, the relation between the tabloid literature and the elite literature, which mainly focuses on the tabloid literature's countermeasures and spontaneous choice in the discourse of elite culture.

因此，本文共分三章，第一章概述上海小报及小报文学的繁盛及其原因；第二章从市民文化语境的角度来探讨小报文学的繁荣、小报的大众化欲求以及由此产生的市民拜金与尚俗的文化心理；第三章则从精英文化语境的角度来探讨小报文学与精英文学的关系，主要分析论述小报文学在精英文化语境下的应对策略及自觉选择。

In this thesis, elaboration on the phenomenon of deviations in literary texts and instantiation of their translation drawn from actually translated texts are intended to show the multifariousness of deviations in literary texts, to deepen literary translators" understanding of this phenomenon, and to demonstrate the close interrelation of deviations"deviant formal features to the functions they may assume in literary texts, thus pointing out the importance of achieving equivalence in "stylistic markedness" and "literary expressiveness" when translating them.

本论文对文学文本中语言变异现象的形式作了较为详尽的介绍和论述，且有选择性地对其翻译实例进行了分析、评述，以期藉此能有助于译者加深对文学文本中变异现象多样性、复杂性的认识和理解，并在此基础上体会文学语言形式与文学文本整体风格和内容的不可分割性，从而理解在翻译文学文本中语言变异时力求"风格标记性"和"文学表达力"对等的重要性。

For voluntarism, it has affected literature concept with two kinds different way: One kind is called positive voluntarism ,which night-spirit "mental and physical efforts", request strong ideal to breaks fatalistic and the thought which restrict people's mind, and arouse active fighting spirit, has enormous effect to break the restrict of the feudal ethical code and outdate standard to literature , the intellectual then start to promote express sincerely and it has also affected the thought that Lu Xun hold hight frighting energy and called "the Moluo poet" to break "Ping He" in literature . Another one kind which based on break away from pain and pursue transcendent , can called pessimistic voluntarism , reflect concertratly in "absolve" and "recreation" of Wang Guowei's theory .

就唯意志论思潮对文学观念的影响而言，本文主要分为两方面：一种是昂扬"心力"、要求以强力意志打破宿命，并以意志冲破思想"网罗"、激发斗志的积极唯意志论，对于冲破文学"礼"和旧有规范的制约，从而发倡文学"真"论作用很大，也影响了鲁迅等呼唤"摩罗诗人"打破"平和"，高扬文学战斗性的思想；另一种则可称是以摆脱人生苦痛、追求人生解脱和超越的悲观唯意志论，在王国维的"解脱"与"游戏"的文艺观中体现，使文学观念向审美超越的层面迈进。

Literature classification has a direct influence on the fixed position of literatures, and different people have different opinions on it, Salter raised his own opinion about it based on his intervention theory.

文学分类直接影响着对文学作品的定位，从古到今，历来说法不一，萨特在其《什么是文学》一文中，从他的文学"介入"说入手，也提出了自己的文学分类观点。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。