文学

Moreover, this paper points to the fact that the conspicuousness of the direct initiation was deeply influenced by change in both literature and the view of literature at that time, as well as by the unknown poets who provided the foundations for literature.

而且，文人师承现象的显露与那个时代的文学及文学观的变化，更进一步讲，与成为文学中流砥柱的有名或无名的人们有很大关系。

Basically, the literature of Constantinople was that of the court and a small literate elite.

基本上，君士坦丁堡的文学就是宫廷文学和范围很小的贵族文学。

In the second part, the paper carries out its text study and surveys its literary idea, this idea is liberalism in literary aesthetics, cosmopolitism in culture intercommunion and readership-oriented standard in transmission strategy.

突显出《现代》作为文本的三大特征：文学审美立场的"自由主义"、文学交流视域上的"世界主义"、文学传播策略上的"读者本位主义"。第三部分着力探讨《现代》的历史文化意义，即《现代》杂志的突出的现代性特征和意义。

Literay works in different countries, nationalities and times can be compared because they are guided by common literary rules.

不同国家、民族、时代的文学存在着共同文学规律，使文学有了"可比性"。

This represents a cross point of contemporary Chinese literature and world literature where the two combat face to face.

这是当代中国文学与世界文学相切面上的某个最短兵相接的触点，与众多的以"黄土地"为题材的文学作品相比，互相对峙，然而又不对立，它们共同构筑起了立体中国形象的双重个性。

This represents a cross point of contemporary Chinese literature and world literature where the two combat fa

这是当代中国文学与世界文学相切面上的某个最短兵相接的触点，与众多的以"黄土地"为题材的文学作品相比，互相对峙，然而又不对立，它们共同构筑起了立体中国形象的双重个性。

Jonathan Culler makes a systematic study on literary institution, especially focusing on the institutionalization of American universities, its shifts, and their impact on literary study.

乔纳森卡勒就是较早对此问题给予关注的重要学者之一，他主要考察了大学体制的变化对文学研究的影响，也论述了其它的文学体制性因素在文学研究中的重要性。

The literature of a young and free people will of course be declamatory, and such, so far as it is yet developed, is the character of its own.

一个年轻而自由的民族、其文学必然是口头的；这种文学尽管尚未充分发展，但它却是美国文学的特征。

The aim of this research is to understand the historical background in Kohminka movement and its process of the related policy. From the record of literature during Kohminka Period, the despondence and attitude about Kohminka policy will be explored in literature and that will show the authentic relationship more between them. Furthermore, the truth of history will be constructed on objective and subjective aspects.

摘要 本研究的目的，旨在了解皇民化运动的历史背景及其政策的施行过程，从文学作品对於皇民化时期的纪录，了解当时文学作品对皇民化政策的回应及态度，并探究皇民化政策与文学作品之间的辩证关系，以客观面与主观面建构历史的真相。

In nature, this problem is in diametrical opposition to the principles of the western Modernism literature, including introspecting the social modernism, disclosing the serious spiritual crisis and the alienation of humanity caused by the modern society and the industrial civilization.

无论从文学产生的现实土壤——二十世纪中国的社会环境，还是从中国文学的历史渊源来看，还是从中国现代作家的主体追求来看，所有这些因素都注定了现代主义中国现代文学中边缘化的历史命运。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。