文学

It subverts the production and operation rules and writing modes of the traditional literature,getting rid of subjects of traditional literature and shaking the outward functions of literature.

网络文学也颠覆了传统文学的生产运作规则和书写范式，消融了传统文学的题材痕迹，也从深层次上动摇了文学的外在功能。

This dissertation has 7 chapters. Chapter One introduces the tradition of historical narration in Chinese literature, discusses the relationship between fiction and historical narration, and the historical view of humanism in traditional novels. Chapter Two analyzes the historical view in contemporary red narrative, the origin of red historical compilation, hypo-realism in red novels of officers, and the features of taking personal narrative as revolutionary narrative etc. the song of youth is taken as an example to illustrate the secret of changing little burgesses narrative into revolutionary narrative. Chapter Three focuses on re-emergence and changes of enlightenment historical narrative and the historical sense of enlightenment. Tibet, implied times and the family of red corn are taken as examples to illustrate the features of changing from enlightenment historicism to new historicism. Chapter Four examines the phenomena and characteristics of new historicism narrative. The following chapter concerns the historical narrative by Yu Hua and Mo Yan, and historical sense of quasi-new historicism in Wang Anyi's Changhenge.

正文共分七章，第一章是对&中国文学中的历史叙事传统&的追溯：探讨了中国文学中&小说&这一文类与&历史叙事&之间的渊源关系，传统小说中的人本主义与生命本体论的历史观、其悲剧本质的历史诗学与美学理念、其循环论与非主流的历史伦理：第二章是对&当代红色叙事中的历史观&的分析：探讨了其&红色历史编纂学&的由来，红色官史小说中的&伪现实主义&、&把个人叙事装饰为革命叙事&的特点、其&革命&外表下装裹着的&旧式&的叙事模型等等，还以《青春之歌》为例分析了由小布尔乔亚叙事改装为革命叙事的奥秘：第三章是对&启蒙历史叙事的重现与转型&的梳理：分析了寻根文学中所包含的启蒙历史主义意识一一从最早的民俗学趣味、到寻根诗歌中&文化民族主义&的突然高涨、还有寻根小说中所包含的各种新型的历史思想，还以稍后的扎西达娃的《西藏，隐秘岁月》和莫言的《红高粱家族》为例，探讨了其由启蒙历史主义向新历史主义过渡的特点：第四章是对&新历史主义叙事的现象与特征&的分析，先是梳理了新历史主义文学思潮从八十年代后期到九十年代末期所出现的大量现象和演变的轨迹，而后分析了各种类型的新历史主义叙事的特征，其基本尺度、还有&新&与&旧&的关系等等；此后第五、六、七章分别就余华和莫言的历史叙事、还有王安忆的《长恨歌》中的类似新历史主义的历史意识进行了分析。

Being original and lasting, they set up standards and provide a huge room for interpretation. The classics in modern Chinese literature were born in ideological, ethical, aesthetical and knowledge changes and integration. They have always shifted along the continuums between revolution...

意识形态、精神价值以及知识、审美诸系统的变化与整合促成了中国现代文学经典的诞生；革命化与审美化、民族化与现代化、大众化与精英化三对关系是中国现代文学经典延传的不同路向；而新时期对于中国现代文学经典的重读与反思，则展现了现代文学经典在延传中变异和重构的发展趋势。

It has already summarized experience gain and success or failure of new-vernacular literature development,has realized seeking to literature beauty and correcting the fraud,in order to lead literature to develop normally;Proves to the development of present literature movements too, ponders over the development and construction of new-vernacular literature at the same time,realizes aesthetic ideal of art of literature rebuilding,classics rebuilding,and the society rebuilding.

沈从文通过一系列评论、杂感、论争等形式，参与到与时代、作家、作品、读者的对话与交流——既对新文学发展的经验得失成败进行总结，对文学实现寻美与纠弊，以引导文学的健康正常发展；同时也对当前文学运动的发展给予说明，思考新文学的发展与建设问题，实现文学重造、经典重造、社会重造的艺术审美理想。

It has already summarized experience gain and success or failure of new-vernacular literature development,has realized seeking to literature beauty and correcting the fraud,in order to lead literature to develop normally;Proves to the development of present literature movements too, ponders over the development and construction of new-vernacular literature at the same time,realizes aesthetic ideal of art of literature rebuilding,classics rebuilding,and the society rebuilding.

在这个意义上，沈从文对文学的思(来源：A96BCf5论文网www.abclunwen.com)考，反映了他对现代文学的审美期待和可能设想，充分体现出现代知识分子积极参与现代文学建设的文学责任感和使命感。

Literature is the reexpression and communication of the Zeitgeist, literature introjects with time philosophy on the deep facet, they could reach the same goal by different routes, and their common direction is the development situation of the Zeitgeist, therefore, before expounding the deep literary spirit contained in the eighteenth-century literature, it is very crucial to dig and research the time feature of the eighteenth century completely and deeply.

文学是时代精神的艺术化再现和转达，文学与时代哲学在深层次上相融合，殊途同归，共同指向的是一个时代精神层面的发展态势，所以在阐释十八世纪文学中所蕴藏的深厚文学精神之前，对十八世纪这一时代特点进行全面、深入的挖掘与研究便成为关键。

Start with the appearance of some Characters of literary interests from Chatting-room,BBS,and helped by so many literature net-stations,individnal home papes and electronic literature publication,the existence of the network literature has been a true fact.

从聊天室、BBS站出现一些富有文学情趣的文字开始，经过众多文学网站、个人主页、电子文学刊物的推波助澜，使得网络文学的存在，已经是不争的事实。

This trend of Chinese literature is well-oriented because it did not restore the literary concept of combining writing and academic study into one in the Han Dynasty nor did it partially seek the sphere of rhetorical brilliance and prosodic beauty.

相对于唐代以前诸朝而言，唐代政治意义上的文学是一种综合了儒学、文辞、智略、品德诸因素的文化实体，它既肯定并要求文学的独特性，又强调并鼓励文学的政治性；它既没有回复到汉代的文章与学术合一的文学概念上，也没有走向片面地追求词采和声律的境地，是比较健康的。

However , because of the difference on the sense of literature and art , their later creation were quite different : ZHAO Shu-li relied too much on the use and drill of folk forms , and lacked whole consideration to new literature , So fell into the difficult condition of self-binding and self-repetation ; On the other hand , SUN Li stood highly , watched broadly and created actively , So was briuiant again after the great Disaster , and acquired a long life in art .

他们二人，无论是由革命而文学，或是由文学而革命，确有一段迹近相似的人生经历与文学历程：抗日战争之前，一在中学，一在师范，狂热地阅读着五四新文学，鲁迅成为他们心目中的&导师&，差不多也就在这样的启蒙下，各自开始了文学习作。&七·七&事变不久，他们在各自家乡都参加了抗战。

Su Hui, editor of "Foreign Literature Studies", who was a visiting scholar at the Hong Kong Baptist University earlier this year. In this interview, Prof. Tam gives his views on comparative literature, and points out that literary criticism and cultural studies are closely related, but he also thinks that they remain distinctly different. While cultural theories provide insights into the relation between literature and culture, literary study must be able to shed light on literary elements, such as theme, characters, structure and language.

谭国根教授结合自己的学术道路尤其是比较文学研究道路指出，文学批评与文化研究的关系十分密切，但二者存在很大的区别，我们可以借助文化理论和研究方法探讨文学与文化内容之间的关系，但一定要落实到文学的元素中去，落实到作品中的人物、主题、结构、语言等上面，透过这些来看文化的问题，这才称得上是文学研究。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。