文图拉

Analysing and introducing his times background, all his life and important writings. Mainly analysing the rising of universities and mendicant order, the Aristotelianism, and their great influence on spiritual visage of the western in 13〓 century.

主要分析和介绍波纳文图拉所处的时代背景以及他的生平与著述，着重分析大学的兴起、托钵僧修会的产生以及亚里士多德思想的传入对西方13世纪精神面貌的巨大影响。

We don't think Bonaventure's philosophy is a eclectic philosophy based on Aristotelianism with tendency to Augustinianism, as some scholars thought; we think that Bonaventure established and developed a original synthesis of philosophy and theology, just as Thomas Aquinas did.

我们认为，波纳文图拉所建立的思想体系不是如一些学者所认为的那样，是基于亚里士多德基础上带有奥古斯丁主义倾向的一种折中哲学；相反，波纳文图拉和托马斯·阿奎那一样，已经形成和发展了一种原创性的哲学综合，波纳文图拉哲学是对亚里士多德和奥古斯丁进行综合而完成的统一、一致而融贯的综合体系，我们既不能简单称之为奥古斯丁主义，也不能叫亚里士多德主义，它就是波纳文图拉主义。

Through analysing, we think that Bonaventure developed Augustinianism and established the Franciscan school. The school had ever resplended very much during the debate with Thomism and Dominican school.

通过分析，我们认为波纳文图拉正是在上述各方面的影响下，以奥古斯丁的神哲学和弗兰西斯修会的宗教精神为核心完成了自己的神哲学综合体系，建立了奥古斯丁－弗兰西斯学派，该学派在13、14世纪与多米尼克的亚里士多德－托马斯主义的争论中大放异彩。

In the furious struggle between newly established Aristotelianism and Augustinianism which insisted the tradition of Platonism, two great theologians and philosophers, Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure presented themselves, who stood for the highest level of theology and philosophy system at that time. The former one successfully established a new philosophy system using Aristotelianism, and the latter one developed the Platonism-Augustinianism to the peak.

在新兴的亚里士多德主义与坚持柏拉图传统的奥古斯丁主义之间的激烈斗争中，产生了代表那一时代创立神学－哲学综合体系最高水平的两位伟大的神学家、哲学家，即托马斯·阿奎那和波纳文图拉，前者成功地利用亚里士多德理论建立起新的神哲学体系，后者则将柏拉图传统的奥古斯丁主义发展到顶峰。

In this chapter, we focus on Bonaventurean salvation, individuality and immortality of soul, and the difference between Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas which they were against together the union of intellect of Latin Averroism. Chapter seven: Finality and Echo.

在这一章里，我们主要围绕灵魂的个体性与不朽性问题进行讨论，并着重论述波纳文图拉在反对阿维罗依主义的单一理性说时与托马斯之间的分歧，以及他的救赎论。

According to the text that is being sent back to the Chamber of Deputies, CTNBio will end up having more power than ministers, imposing its decisions on the health and environment ministries," said Ventura Barbeiro of Greenpeace's genetic engineering division."

根据这项即将转交众议院的提案，CTNBio最终将拥有比部长还要大的权力，它可以将自己的决定凌驾于卫生部和环境部之上"，绿色和平组织基因工程部的文图拉巴贝罗说。"

In this chapter, we mainly analyse the spirituality of Bonaventurean theology and philosophy and the relation of Bonaventureanism and Thomism.

在这一章里，我们主要分析波纳文图拉神哲学的精神特质以及波纳文图拉主义与托马斯主义之间的关系。

At the end of 19〓 century, along with the revival of new scholasticism, for the better understanding of Thomist theology and philosophy, Bonaventuran theology and philosophy became the best frame of reference. Bonaventure's theory got unparalleled attention.

第七章：终结与回响。19世纪末，随着新经院哲学的复兴，为了更加清楚地理解托马斯神哲学的精神，波纳文图拉的神哲学成了最好的参照系；波纳文图拉神哲学本身也得到了空前的重视。

In this chapter, we stress Bonaventure's exemplarism, universal hylomorphism and rationes seminales which three consist of main trunk of Bonaventure's metaphysics.

我们在这里主要论述波纳文图拉的范型论、普遍形质论和种子理性说，因为它们构成了波纳文图拉形而上学的主干。

A translation into Spanish of sura 70 ("Al-Mi'raj") was made in the thirteenth century, at the behest of Alfonso X., by the physician of Toledo, Don Abraham; a French rendering of this was afterward made by Bonaventura de Seve.

翻译成西班牙文的苏拉70 （&基地Mi'raj &）是在13世纪，在阿方的要求十，由医生的托莱多，唐亚伯拉罕；法国绘制的，这是后所作的波纳文图拉由塞弗。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。