文化的

A statistical study reveals the predomination of American texts in New Horizon College English, which, spreading much American culture, exercises a great impact on the values of Chinese students, leading probably to a natural identification of American culture, a consequent ignorance of the plurality of the world cultures, and a gradual forgetfulness of their own culture.

分析统计揭示：《新视野大学英语》美国文章占主导地位；这些美国文章夹带大量美国文化信息，严重影响中国学生的文化知识构架与文化价值取向，导致对美国文化的盲从、对世界文化多元性的漠视与对本民族传统文化的淡然。

The first part states in a comprehensive way the research on Zhou Zuoren so as to define the purpose, methodology and significance of the dissertation. The second part analyzes the experience of Zhou's self-culture creation from a personal angle-Yue culture in Zhejiang gave Zhou a perceptual knowledge of folklore, while the idea of world folklore gave him a rational cognition of folk' culture. The combination forms a dual folklore. The third part observes Zhou Zuoren's examination of literarure from folklore's perspective as well as its pioneering significance. The fourth part explores in a further way Zhou's perspective of folk culture, and analyzes the method he has established to conduct literary criticism from the angle of folklore as well as his research on Chinese Culture. The fifth part analyzes the impacts folklore theory and folk culture have on the formation of Zhou' literary ideas, focusing more his folklore interpretation and humanism perspective about the origin and hist ory of literature, also his literary aesthetic standards about "ordinary humanism" and "loving amusement" from the position of folklore. The sixth part expounds Zhou's achievement in combining literature and folklore and explores the consistency of their focus on human, thereby presenting a complete picture of Zhou's literature. The last part generalizes the revelation drawing from the research done in this dissertation.

本文分为六章：第一章综述周作人研究的历史与现状，从而确定本文的研究目的、方法及意义；第二章从社会、时代背景、区域文化传统和个人文化选择的角度，阐释周作人选取民俗学视角观照文学的原因，侧重分析周作人自我文化建构的心路历程——浙江越文化传统的浸润给周作人以民俗学的感性认识，而世界民俗学的理念赋予他注重民间文化的理性精神；第三章考察周作人的民俗学研究及先锋意义；第四章进一步探讨周作人的民俗文化观，分析他确立的从民俗文化角度进行文学批评的方法，兼及他从民俗学视角进行的中国文化研究；第五章分析民俗学理论及民俗文化观在周作人文学思想生成中的影响，着重论述周作人关于文学起源和文学发展史的民俗学阐释、文学的民俗人性观，以及从民间立场出发所具有的"平凡的人道"、"有情的滑稽"等文学审美原则；第六章从创作实践方面，探讨周作人文学作品的民俗文化意蕴，进一步论述周作人将文学与民俗结合在一起的实绩，并揭示二者以"人"为核心的内在精神的一致性，从而呈现出周作人较为完整的文学风貌；最后是余论，指出这一研究的启示。

However, as far as the concrete contents of the tradition (Confucian high-culture, Taoism or traditional popular culture) and the relation of Chinese culture to world civilization (particularistic concepts of a specific Chinese culture or universalistic concepts of a world-wide humanistic civilization) are concerned, these independent currents are far from homogenous and can be traced back in each case to the Republican discourse on cultural and historical identity.

然而，就中国传统文化的具体内容（儒家主流文化、道家文化或其他盛行的文化）和中国文化与世界文明的关系（特定中国文化的独特理念或世界范围内人类文明的普遍理念）而言，这些独立的思潮又绝非同质的，在每一股思潮中我们都可回溯到共和主义关于文化的和历史认同的叙述。

They are chondral symptom caused by serious lost of Chinese traditional culture and spirit,anaemia caused by shortness of compatible and conform theory and alogia lack of the reform between economic times and literature styles and language changed ability.

一、缺失中国传统文化生命精神的软骨症中国传统文化是富有生命精神的，无论儒家文化、道家文化和佛教文化，都是以生命的内在超越为特征的，如果说儒家文化的生命精神在于通过独善

However, because nature as a category slips into different cultural forms, once when it involves what is the character of the human being and all things on earth, different culture has different answers only because the different suppose to the value of the culture and the ideal, the humanity in this side is exaggerated in the culture form, even being considered the only arche existence, so once a man living in reality manifests the humanity according with a certain value of culture and the ideal designed by man, he would be considered natural and authentic by the public who believe in it, otherwise, artificial and affected.

如上所述，每一种文化都是基于人性的某一方面而人为设定自己的文化价值和理想的，作为文化价值和理想，人性的这一方面在这一文化形态中当然被夸大了，甚至被认为是人性中的唯一的本真存在。这样一来，现实中的人一旦表现出与某一文化人为设定的文化价值和理想相符合的人性维面，就会被这一文化及其信奉这一文化的公众认为是自然的、真实的，反之则是做作的、不自然的。

While ethnic tourism promotes socio-economic development to ethnical areas,it also results in series of negative effects on the local ethnical culture.among them,the ethnical culture distortion is the most outstanding problem,show mainly in the field of the following: the ethnical culture assimilation,commercialization,vulgarization,the outlook on values transmutation,the culture' smriti fault,the "protogenesis soil"environment of ethnical cultural met with destroying and the hipping exploitation,and so on....

旅游业的发展在促进民族地区社会经济发展的同时，也给民族文化带来了一些消极影响。其中民族文化的失真是民族旅游发展最突出的问题，主要表现在：民族文化的同化、商品化、庸俗化、价值观的蜕变、文化传承的断层、民族文化环境&原生土壤&遭到破坏和开发的模式化等方面。应该根据民族地区的具体情况，采用民俗博物馆、民族文化村、生态博物馆和&前台、帷幕、后台&功能分区模式，对民族文化加以保护。

Making sure the cognition of our traditional political culture, the article probes into the four phases of its naissance and development: moral、Tao、amenity、logos; and discusses the soil of naissance: agriculture economy is long-standing、the society configuration patriarchal clan system 、Confucianism come into national ideology、the masterdom of Realpolitik; and describes its characteristic: the paternalistic political culture、the political culture worship power 、the political culture of lay store by civilian、the self-discipline political culture、the political culture of potential rules、the equalitarian political culture.

基于对我国传统政治文化以上的界定，探讨了我国传统政治文化的形成和发展过程的四个阶段：德、道、义、理；其赖以生存的土壤：小农自然经济的长期延续、宗法族制的社会结构、儒学的国家意识形态化、权力阶层的支配与匡约；以及其外在的表现特征：家长本位的政治文化、权力崇拜的政治文化、重民的政治文化、自律诉求的政治文化、&潜规则&的政治文化、均平取向的政治文化。

After analysing the ceramic productions of prehistorical archaeological culture in South East Asia ,we can easily find out that there is a core of native culture in it. It presents in the form and decoration of the ceramic productions of prehistorical archaeological culture in South East Asia. There are so many comparability between the native original ceramic execution and the ceramic productions of prehistorical archaeological culture. So we can conclude their realationship.

通过分析东亚南部地区史前考古学文化当中的土著内核，这些史前文化自身的特点，陶器外表、纹饰方面与土著相类似的地方，以及产生文明的区域与土著文化的差别，说明土著文化与东亚南部史前文化的共同点以及文化内核方面的一致性，证明土著文化在东亚南部从新石器时代以来就有深厚的基础。

In order to gain a better mastery of the actual situation of traditional Chinese culture among English majors, and obtain the understanding of their attitudes toward our traditional culture, the author conducts an investigation and empirical study to the particular group in the form of questionnaires, based on the present situation of traditional Chinese culture and the adoption of Geert Hofstede"s theory of cultural variations as well as Conrad William Watson"s theory of multiculturalism. Resultantly, the author verifies the loss of traditional Chinese culture among English majors and points out the degree of the loss.

为了更好地掌握中国传统文化在英语专业学生中的真实情况，以及了解英语专业学生对我们传统文化的实际态度，本文作者在结合中国传统文化的发展现状，并采用Geert Hofstede的文化差异理论和Conrad William Watson的多元文化主义理论的基础之上，通过问卷形式对这一特殊群组进行了抽样调查和实证研究，结果验证了中国传统文化在英语专业大学生中的丢失，并指出了传统文化的丢失程度。

The spiritual culture is heart of the whole, it integrates western conception and extract the importance quintessence so as to explore and develop herself: University academic culture is the basic culture as a direct impact on the universitys comprehensive strength and level, it justs the place which reserve the vitality of university; the development of the university needs institution culture as its insurance.

精神文化是大学文化的核心，中国大学理念的萌芽融合了西方大学文化、中国传统教育思想的精髓，走出了自己探索、发展的道路；学术文化是大学文化建设的基本内容，直接影响学校的综合实力和办学水平，是学校生命力的所在；制度文化是不断发展演进的，加强制度建设是进行大学文化建设的重要保证。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。