文化的

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为"知识—文化"传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

A comparative study of two logic systems should base on the analysis of their historical background and the interpretation of their cultural host;(2) The Mohist logic depend on Pre Qin culture of China and Aristotelean logic was embedded in Hellenism of Hellenistic Age;(3) In view of these two logic systems being the ...

墨家逻辑依托于先秦文化，亚里士多德逻辑依托于古希腊文化。两种文化有不同的特征和需求。不同文化的特征和需求，产生了两种不同的逻辑。两种逻辑的差异主要表现为：目的与任务不同，逻辑特征不同，主导的推理类型不同，推理成分的分析不同，后续发展状况不同。

The essence of the difference between Chinese and Hesperian movies is conflict and opposition between Olympic culture and Chinese traditional culture. This paper discussed it in Values and Philosophy level.

通过中西体育题材电影对比，从价值观和哲学基础方面阐述其实质是西方文化的奥林匹克文化与中国传统文化的对立和冲突。

Should value the construction of culture and progress more below the big setting that advocates science to development is watched and build harmonious society, value culture appearance the inhesion to economy and humanitarian sex, overcome the one-sided point of view that economy of article melt into serves, make culture can achieve sufficient progress inside its specific system.

在提倡科学发展观和建设和谐社会的大背景下更要重视文化的建设和发展，重视文化相对于经济的内在性和人文性，克服文化为经济服务的片面观点，使文化能够在其特定的系统内获得充分发展。

From a new perspective--individuals are limited by their own culture, but their inner capacity is also the only motivating force of the overall civilization, so the change of overall civilization always reflects the underlying change of cultural existential pattern of the individuals--the author contends that modernism is a spiritual-cultural phenomenon emerged in the mid-nineteenth century, that the faith in human rationality in modern western civilization destroyed all kinds of Supreme Authorities, made them lost their self-evident Supremacy; in other words, traditional evaluating principle and meaning became doubtful.

作者从一种新的视角——西方文化史上个体生存与即有精神文化的关系——出发，指出现代主义是产生于十九世纪中期以降西方文化中的一种精神文化现象，西方近代人文主义传统对人类理性的过分依赖导致所有绝对价值都失去了其自明性，成为人类理性探寻、怀疑的对象，导致个体生存与即有精神文化产生了严重断裂。

This internal debate and struggle of culture often intertwine with political and economic interests.

一种文化对另一种文化的接受与吸纳，首先导致这种文化内部的冲突。

Ability of interurban cultural competition is derived from the study of thecompetition of cities at a time.

论文以城市文化竞争力为研究对象，目的是想从城市文化的层面来研究城市的发展，并想进一步探究一个有竞争力和活力的当代城市应该具备什么样式的城市文化，以期这种城市文化能够有助于当代城市的可持续发展。

By the way of analysing Ang Lee's experience and forming process of his cultural identity, I mean to point out the necessary and necessity of communion and introjection between different cultures in the direction of globalization, at the same time,...

由于独特的生活经历，李安深受中国传统观念和西方现代理想的双重影响，但他没有困于其中，而是从共通的人性入手，在坚守民族文化阵地的基础上尽力消除文化壁垒，巧妙地将两种异质文化融会贯通，为中西文化的交流和互通作出了巨大的贡献。

Therefore, traditional social culture system of female Hui of GQN areas is inveterately rooted on the Chinese culture on some degree and the stigma of Chinese traditional culture follows the development of the culture of female Hui all the time. Further, Islam religious culture pervades everywhere of female Hui, which makes it take on a more national and religious trait.

因此，甘青宁回族女性的传统社会文化体系在一定程度上根植于中国大文化背景的土壤之中，中国传统文化的烙印始终相随于回族女性社会发展的始末，并且伊斯兰宗教文化渗入回族女性发展的一切领域，使其呈现较强的民族性与宗教性。

There are all kinds of attritions and conflicts in the course of ITT because of the different cultures between the technology-exporting country and the host country.

本文从文化的角度探讨了文化与技术的辨证关系，文化对国际技术转移的影响，指出树立科学的文化技术观的必要性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。