文化教育

The monastical economy boom not only improved the development of commodity economy and the rise of the city, but also accelerated the process of the christianization in the country and founded the basis of such businesses as books, education, architecture, and so on.

10-13世纪，西欧修道院经济的繁荣促进商品经济的发展、城市的兴起和文化教育的进步，为西欧经济和文化复兴及社会稳定作出贡献。

It is necessary to foster citizen's civism such as subject spirit, concepts of rights and obligations, sense of equality, concepts of democracy and legal system, public rationality, and social ethics in an effort to realize the modernization of human being, to promote the harmonious development of society, economy and politics in the aspects of developing market economy, promoting democracy and strengthening the civic culture, and developing social organizations.

从发展市场经济、推进民主政治建设、加强公民文化教育、培育社会组织等方面培育我国社会成员的主体意识、平等意识、权利与义务观念、民主法制观念、公共理性、公德意识等公民精神，是实现人的现代化，促进社会、经济与政治的协调和谐发展的必要。

But the solution of these two problem or not and the degree of the solution, have close relations with the geography humanities environment, with the civilizing of the clansmen and the education of the schools, with the whole characters of the leaders.

而这两个问题的解决与否及解决的程度，是与宗族的地理人文环境、宗族教化和文化教育、领导班子的整体素质等等三方面有着密切的关系。

The central government came to a new high level of recognizing the science and technology after 1978, thus, a new policy of clerisy was established and a good political atmosphere, which benefits on popular science development, was formed. Besides, while the government's essential mission was transferred to economical construction, the popular science was accelerated by factors as economical development, social desire and economical treatment. Then, the prosperity of education set a good foundation for the development of popular science. Fourthly, the increase in the number of boffins and a fast advance on science and technology contributed to popular science's development intellectively. All these elements above caused the 2nd fastigium. However, during the last 1980s and early 1990s, confusion occurred to man's sense of worth in the period of economy transformation, which made popular science come to a downturn. As a result, the 2nd fastigium declined.

第四章对第二次科普高峰进行了分析。1978年以后，党中央对科学技术的认识达到了前所未有的程度，确立了新的知识分子政策，形成有利于科普发展的良好政治氛围；国家工作重心转移到经济建设上来，经济发展、社会需求和经济待遇等因素促进了科普的发展；文化教育事业的兴旺发达为科普的发展奠定了良好的基础；科技工作者队伍的壮大，科学技术的迅速发展，提供了科普发展的智力支持，这些综合因素促成了第二次科普高峰的到来。80年代末期到90年代初，由于在经济转型期出现了暂时的价值观混乱，科普工作陷入低迷，科普高峰消退。

Tokyo in Japan is a modern international city. It is also political center 、 economic center and center of culture. After breakfast, I came to the temple of QIANCAOLEIMEN. At the temple, I used Japanese means. First, I put a coin into a metal box. Then I clapped and made my wish.

日本首都东京是一座现代化的国际城市，是日本全国的政治中心、经济中心和文化教育中心吃过早餐，我们就来到了浅草雷神门寺，在寺堙A我用日本人的方法，先把钱投到一个金属做的箱子堙A然后拍两下手，许下自己美好的心愿。

Professor XIE Jia-Xing is the Professor and the Director of Music Research Institute of China Conservatory, with a Master Degree in Composing Theory (1988) and a PH.D. of Music Aesthetic (2004). He is also the leading figure in music education discipline in China Conservatory, the associate director of the Education Committee of the Chinese Musicians Association , the president of the Music Education Commission of CMA, the director of the Music Education Academic Committee of CEC, the director of the Music Aesthetic Committee of CMA, the director of the Music Psychology Society, the director of Chinese Association of Music Communication, the member of International Society of Music Education, Committeeman of CPCEMM(COMMISSION ON MUSIC IN CULTURAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND MASS MEDIA POLICIES) of ISME, the adviser of APSMER. He is the part-time professor of Xian Conservatory, the part-time professor of Tianjin Conservatory, the specially hired professor of Art Institute of Henan University and the member of Exterior Examination Committee Member of the Education Institute of Hong kong.

谢嘉幸，中国音乐学院音乐研究所所长、教授、学院学术委员会委员， 1988 年毕业於中国音乐学院作曲系，获作曲理论硕士学位； 2004 年在中央音乐学院获音乐美学方向博士学位；中国音乐家协会教育委员会主任助理；中国音乐家协会音乐教育学学会会长；中国教育学会音乐教育专业委员会理事、音乐教育学学术委员会主任；中国音乐家协会音乐美学学会理事；中国音乐家协会音乐心理学学会理事；中国音乐家协会音乐传播学会理事；北京音乐家协会理事；国际音乐教育学会会员、文化教育与大众传媒政策委员会委员；亚太音乐教育研究会顾问；亚太艺术教育学报编委；国家教委教育科学"八五""九五"规划重点课题负责人；西安音乐学院兼职教授，天津音乐学院兼职教授，河南大学艺术学院特聘教授，香港教育学院院外考试委员。

The article first introduces the base of constitutional democracy and liberalism, and then discusses the arguments between liberalism, communitarianism and multiculturalism, in order to distinguish between civic education and multicultural education.

本文首先介绍民主宪政的基础——自由主义，并讨论其与社群主义、多元文化主义间的论战，藉以分析民主的公民教育与多元文化教育之别。

And those Jinshi were mainly from only a few local leading families with superior tradition in culture and education , as well as solid economical power, which enabled their younger generations to be more competitive in the imperial examination.

从姓氏分布来看，则是集中在少数几个大姓之中，这是因为这些大姓宗族拥有优越的文化教育环境和雄厚的经济实力，从而使其子弟具有较强的科举竞争力。

In the era of global dialogue, multicultural education must shoulder the heavy responsibility of teaching student to be conversable and nurture the inter-cultural dialogue talents.

在全球对话的时代，多元文化教育必须承担起教会学生对话的重任，培养跨文化对话型人才。

In the middle of 20th centuiy ,with the development of education, Cross-cultural study in education was paid much attention to by various fields of the society.

中文摘要： 20世纪中期，随着教育事业的发展，跨文化教育研究也日益引起社会各界的关注。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。