文化意义上

That how to deal with the challenges of cultural hegemony and how to understand and handle Chinas cultural security issues correctly is particularly essential to China in the period of transition. Former national security adviser of the United States Brzezinski said that the history of the development on communication is the process of media globalization and seeking the establishment of cultural hegemony in the Unites States.

在全球化的今天，从某种意义上说，大众媒介已经成为美国等发达国家威胁他国文化安全的最重要的手段，从传媒人的视角来看我国的大众媒介在维护国家文化安全方面具有不可推卸的文化责任，尝试提出当前大众传媒在提升我国文化安全方面的重要策略。

As the research method as concerned, this research collects materials and information from three different villages and organizes them in series village comparison way , which is a new attempt in the domestic present research of Pinghua group as well as the urbanization. Meanwhile, through this kind of comparison research, this thesis proposes the"disequilibrium change"concept in another kind meaning and points out that there would be disequilibrium change at different points in an identical social culture, which will promote the anthropology's understanding of change's diversity.

在研究方法上，本研究从三个不同的点收集资料，采用村落连环比较的方式组织材料，是目前国内有关平话人研究以及城市化研究的一次新尝试；同时，通过这种比较研究，提出另一种意义上的"非均衡"变迁的概念，指出了同一社会文化在不同点上变迁的不均衡现象，增进人类学有关社会文化变迁多样性的理解。

Westerner emphasize ethics value with ontology, epistemology relative meaning, it's the congenital defect of" value question" when western traditional philosophy thinking; Though among China traditional philosophies, originated places to embody, but, going with enervation trend of traditional culture and the impacts of western culture, especially, affected by Russian textbook of Marxism, we do not only realize the value natural instinct of China"s traditional philosophy as consciously, and philosophy is studied and comes from the west to think" value question" instead, even in order to coming and study people"s" value problem" western traditional the thinking frames. This is what cause contemporary people and historical origin of the double predicament of philosophy, also is the realism meaning of the animadvert on the present philosophy view.

西方人在与本体论、认识论相对的意义上强调伦理价值，这是西方传统哲学思考"价值问题"的先天性缺陷；虽然在中国传统哲学中，起始处就是体现为以"内求诸己"的方式把握人"生命之道"的价值性的思想，但由于近代以来伴随传统文化的衰弱趋势和西方文化的冲击，使我们一味效仿西方哲学的范式去研究哲学，尤其是受前苏联马克思主义教科书体系的影响，我们非但没有自觉意识到中国传统哲学的"价值问题"指向，反而认为对"价值问题"的哲学研究源于西方，甚至在被马克思终结了的西方传统形而上学的思维框架中来研究人的"价值问题"，这是造成当代人与哲学双重生存困境的历史根源，亦是当代哲学观批判的现实意义。

Part Three: exams the theory forming and developing process of socialistic cultural construction with Chinese characteristics, discusses its scientific connotation and grand significance for this theory, including having been gained the splendent achievements under guided by this theory in the domestic cultural construction in this period, and clarities that, the socialistic cultural construction with Chinese characteristics is the other span-new period in Chinese modern cultural developing history.

第三章：考察了中国特色社会主义文化建设理论形成和发展的过程，论述了这一理论的科学内涵和重大意义，以及在这一理论指导下我国新时期文化建设所取得的辉煌成就，阐明了中国特色社会主义文化建设是中国现代文化发展史上的又一个崭新的阶段。

Technique development, basic facilities improvement and cost decline make "globalization" communication possible. 4. Globalization of communication technique aggravates the "unfairness" of international communication and leads to its different layers, classes and unbalanced distribution. 5. The end of "cold war" deconstructs the opposite between the East and the West, but not ends the difference between the South and the North and the "civilization conflict". 6. The population redistribution makes the traditional nations and countries in the relevant areas unstable and influences the original national cultural identity. 7."Globalization" communication deepens the alertness of national elite intellectuals, which makes them strengthen their sense of mission to keep and guard the spiritual home of national traditional culture (including traditional belief, value, cultural pattern and so on) that will be possibly subverted and maliciously remade. 8. The combination of "direction" and "strategy", or the speciousness makes big trans-national media corporations sweep away all obstacles and occupy the markets in the developing countries, in which have appeared the phenomenon of "narrations of traditional cultures tending to similarities". 9."Global village": myth or reality? 10. The difference of culture and ideology often causes the different understanding and value judgement to the contents of trans-national communication.

第一部分将中国国家电视文化安全问题放到"全球化"的大背景中加以考量，分别从以下18个维度展开论述：1、全球化语境与我们的抉择；2、与"全球化"同样历史悠久的"国际传播"；3、技术的进步和相关基础设施的广泛建立并不断完善以及使用成本的持续下降，使得"全球化"传播成了可能；4、传播技术的全球化，加剧了国际传播的"不平等"，导致了国际传播的层级性和不均衡分布；5、"冷战"的终结解构了东西对立，但却并未终结南北差异和"文明的冲突"；6、人口的重新分布使得相关区域的传统意义上的民族国家面临潜在的不稳定，并有可能影响到原来各个国家已经定型的民族文化认同；7、"全球化"传播加深了民族国家精英知识分子的戒心，"守望民族传统文化的精神家园"的使命感使得他们开始关注核心的"传统文化"（具体包括传统的信仰、价值观、文化模式等）的有可能被颠覆或被恶意改造；8、"方向"与"策略"的有机结合，使得大型跨国传媒公司所向披靡，在发展中国家屡屡得手，很多国家出现了"祖母的同质化"现象；9、"地球村"：神话还是现实？

On one hand, the collection provides a positive pursuit of man's such inherent qualities as the creative spirit in Mending the Heavens and the vindicative spirit in The Forging of Swords; on the other hand, it traces the negative causes of the deprivation of man's inherent nature: Vetchpicking, off the pass and The Revival all give play to the alienating influence of "culture"on man's natural instinct-there is tension between them, yet they complement each other, interact, and, as a whole, manifest the motifs of human culture.

一方面，《故事新编》在正面意义上展开了对具有人类性的人的固有之血脉的追寻，诸如《补天》中表现的创世精神和《铸剑》中表现的复仇精神；另一方面，《故事新编》在负面意义上展开了对导致具有人性类的人的固有之血脉丧失的追溯，诸如《采薇》、《出关》、《起死》等作品中展示的"文化"对人的自然本性的"异化"——二者形成内在的张力，前者强化后者，后者强化前者，在相互作用又互为补充，相辅相成，在整体上表现人类文化母题。

In the 5000 years' history of the Chinese culture there have been only two real cultural revolutions. One is the "proscribing all non Confucian schools of thought and espousing Confucianism as the orthodox state ideology" in the Han dynasty, hoisting the only banner of Confucianism through eliminating the other hundred schools.

纵观五千年的中国文化发展史，真正意义上的文化革命只有两次：一次是汉代的&罢黜百家，独尊儒术&，通过革文化百家之命，树儒学一家之帜，儒家文化从此成为中国文化的主流；另一次就是彻底地把儒学掀翻下马的&五四&运动。

In the 1970s,influenced by the feminis t movement,the new social history,post-modernism and other academic t rends,researchers focussed their a ttention on the study of theshe historyand crowned it with quick success.

美国西部妇女史近半个世纪的探索与妇女研究发展轨迹相当。70年代受女性主义运动及新社会史、后现代主义等学术思潮的影响，研究者们致力于&她史&，使得该研究得到了迅速的发展。80年代以后，女性研究的焦点转入社会性别理论，西部妇女史的研究中也广泛采用这一分析范畴，同时强调西部妇女多元文化的历史背景。90年代以来，随着理论的不断深化和史料的丰富，该研究从微观上强调西部妇女的族裔、文化、阶级、职业等的差异，从宏观上强调全新意义上的&两性史&，即要求在一个新的历史基准体系之下对各种妇女群体作出价值评估，并将妇女的历史编入西部历史之中。

It is concluded from those paintings that wine was peoples' favorite beverage at that time. Those paintings have recorded vividly wine-making and wine-drinking scenes in Han Dynasty. The reappearance of wine-making and wine-drinking scenes from those painting cou...

汉代社会生活中炽盛的酒风现象在汉画中存在的意义是双重的，既是汉代民众对酿酒、饮酒文化进行刻绘和记载的体现，又是酒文化渊源流传赖以传承的历史背景的再现，在一定意义上反映了当时民间所流行的观念和思想，承载着沉重而丰厚的人文精神意蕴。

It is concluded from those paintings that wine was peoples′ favorite beverage at that time. Those paintings have recorded vividly wine-making and wine-drinking scenes in Han Dynasty. The reappearance of wine-making and wine-drinking scenes from those painting could reflect the prevalent social customs among folks at that time. Accordingly, those paintings have carried profound humanistic and spiritual implications.

汉代社会生活中炽盛的酒风现象在汉画中存在的意义是双重的，既是汉代民众对酿酒、饮酒文化进行刻绘和记载的体现，又是酒文化渊源流传赖以传承的历史背景的再现，在一定意义上反映了当时民间所流行的观念和思想，承载着沉重而丰厚的人文精神意蕴。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。