文化中心

This cultural background is implicative to cultural innovation of west China in that economy and culture should be interactive for mutual prosperity on the basis of system innovation.

这种文化态势对西部文化创新的启示是：以制度创新为保障，走经济与文化互动共荣之路；以科学、民主、法制和优秀人文精神为内容，完成东西文化互补；以人为中心，把文化繁荣与人的全面发展结合起来；以先进文化为目标，构建出符合西部民情、适应西部社会发展的民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化。

It is 'primary' by contrast with the 'secondary orality' of present-day high technology culture, in which a new orality is sustained by telephone, radio, television and other electronic devices that depend for their existence and functioning on writing and print.

笔头文化还分手写文化和印刷文化。他的理论认为，人从口头文化为中心发展到笔头文化后，现在正从笔头文化向口头文化转。

In school curriculum system culture, much attention is put on the stability and convenience while its variation and humanization are ignored. In School curriculum behavior culture, teaching activities are still centered on teachers so that the students learn passively, and in consequence, inefficiently. Students are still corporally punished for their "misbehaviors" considered by their teachers.

通过现场观察、问卷调查、师生访谈等方法对学校课程物质文化、学校课程制度文化、学校课程行为文化、学校课程精神文化的现实状况进行了解读：学校课程物质文化方面，出现了人与课程物质文化的对立，物质文化凌驾于师生之上的现象；学校课程制度文化方面，强调课程制度文化的稳定性而忽视了其发展变化，强调课程制度文化的便捷性而丧失了管理制度文化的人性化等；学校课程行为文化方面，仍然以教师、教学为中心，以学生的被动接受学习为主，存在着&主体性&认识上的误区。

Culture"," culturology" and "the cultural system", are the basic categories in his culturological system. Based on them, there are the definition, category, nature and characteristics of "culture"; the object, mission, the research mode, and the development course of" culturology"; ten "basic types", three "the upper level types", the structure, and the mentality of "the cultural system"; the twin categories of "culture" and "society","culture" and "nature","culture" and "civilization","culturology" and" sociology"," the cultural system" and" natural system"," the cultural system" and" social system, etc.

以它们为中心，涉及到基本内容有：&文化&的定义、分类、性质与特征；文化学的对象、任务、研究模式、发展阶段；&文化体系&的十种&基本类型&、三种&上层类型&、结构与心态；以及成对的范畴&文化&与&社会&、&文化&与&自然&、&文化&与&文明&，&文化学&与&社会学&，&文化体系&与&自然体系&、&文化体系&与&社会体系&，等等。

On the poetics level, using a irrational female-genesis to self-explaining; using a "body-writing" as a self-domination, making a self-realization by ways of "dark","blood","death", such as those feminine imagination; making a self-represent ion by "monologue". On cultural consciousness level, takinga self-searching on reconsidering woman's status and ending in love; taking a self-awaking by showing what a mother had "done" for daughter in order to serve and maintain man society; introducing a self-remolding through recover and rebel the man ideology; be self-awakening and oppugning the man-centre society, within its cultural "make","assimilation" to female herself.

本文从两个方面来集中分析《女人》显示出的的&女性意识&：在诗学审美形态上，以非理性的女性&创世神话&题材来解释&自我&；以&躯体写作&的方式来支配&自我&；以&黑夜&、&血&、&死亡&等&阴性意象&来认识&自我&；以&独白&的方式来表达&自我&；在文化意识形态上，以对爱情中女性地位和结局的重新思考来寻找&自我&；以&母亲&对&女儿&的&塑造&来揭示&母亲&作为男权社会的&服务者&和&维护者&形象达到警醒&自我&；对男性文化意识形态的还原和反叛来解构男性中心文化并重铸&自我&；在辨认&自我&的觉醒中将质疑引向对男性中心社会及其所预置的文化秩序和&被造&、&被同化&的女性自身。

The first is to the West Willow community Sihuan Xishan board along the fast, is very strong academic atmosphere of the region, both the transmission to the Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan represented rhyme at the end of the millennium culture, but also compatible with the Beijing University, Qinghua humanistic spirit of the times ; Yizhuang The second is that the new industrial base, forming a kind of leisure real estate development mode, both the industrial layout, economic development, living environment, space, etc. all have the typical atmosphere of the post-industrial era residential cultural identity, a unique regional cultural competitiveness, also contributed to the Yizhuang real estate in recent years has remained very active, the vitality of this culture will continue; third CBD based commercial real estate for the center, forming a very modern color international business culture; article Four Olympic plate, surrounding the new concept of real estate are the Olympic Games, closely focusing on sports, culture and contemporary spirit of sport psychology to build a living space.

首先是西方柳树社会西山局四环沿线的速度快，是非常强大的学术氛围的区域，无论是传输到颐和园，圆明园代表韵结束时的千年文化，而且也符合北京工业大学，清华大学人文精神的时代；亦庄第二个问题是，新的工业基地，形成了一种休闲房地产的发展模式，无论是产业布局，经济发展，生活环境，空间等都有典型的气氛后工业时代住宅文化认同，一个独特的区域文化竞争力，也有助于亦庄房地产在最近几年一直是非常积极的，富有活力的这种文化将继续；第三次生物多样性公约的商业房地产为中心，形成了非常现代色彩的国际商业文化；第四条奥林匹克板，周围的新概念房地产是奥运会，紧紧围绕体育，文化和当代精神的运动心理学建立一个生活空间。

Shanghai is striving to turn itself into an economy-oriented metropolis. With a view to the city's features, the authors hold that we should transform cultural industry into Shanghai's pillar industry. With such a well-laid historical and real foundation, we are confident that we are capable of dong so. Industrialized operation is the only way for culture development. Therefore the government must transform its functions, practise more strict supervision over cultural industry and perfect the relevant la...

基于建立经济中心城市的目标，并结合文化产业自身的特点，在发展文化产业为上海的支柱产业，上海具备发展文化产业所需要的雄厚的历史和现实基础，有能力也有条件大力发展文化产业；产业化运作是文化产业成长和发展的必经途径，政府要转变职能，加强对文化产业的管理和监督职能，建立健全文化法律法规，使文化产业健康稳定地发展。

"Wanjiang farmers Book Town": to build a large-scale rural Wanjiang for wholesale and distribution center for books.

枞阳文化产业园&建成三大功能区：一是&皖江农民图书城，建成面向皖江农村的大型图书批发市场和集散中心；二是枞阳浓郁地方特色的民俗、民居风情区；三是文化产业区，以民营文化企业为主体，发展各类书画院、画廊、收藏经营、印刷出版以及各类文化设计、文化演出、文化传媒公司等。

Because it incarnates the culture and tradition of the sea of Cantonese,becomes the center of civilian for apotheosis about sea-god,contains abundant history about oceanic folk-custom culture of Guangzhou,witnesses the turn from landmass culture to ocea.

从海洋文化视角审视南海神庙，南海神庙是广州海上丝路文化的集中体现，是海神民间崇拜的中心，蕴含着丰富的广州海洋民俗文化历史，是从大陆文化到海洋文化转折点的一个见证，具重要的海洋历史文化价值。

It is concluded in Chapter Eight that: 1 linguistic proficiencies in three languages play a considerable part in code-switching of EFL teachers in trilingual context; the inter-sentential switching outweighs the intra-sentential switching both in frequencies and percentage; discourse-related switching also outweighs participant-related switching in frequencies and percentage; the EFL is maintained longest in EFL classroom and the language maintained second longest depends upon learners" higher proficiency in Chinese or Tibetan. 2 Ethnic identity and educational background is the major causal factor of EFL teachers" Chinese-English switching in trilingual classroom; duration of language contact and relative trilingual proficiencies are the two principal contributors to the English-Tibetan switching; while Tibetan-English switching is mainly driven by EFL teachers" ethnic identity and education background, as well as the duration of language contact; English-Chinese switching is also largely motivated by the duration of trilingual contact; and Chinese-Tibetan switching is determined by trilingual proficiency to a considerable extent. Meanwhile, psychologically, the switching is mainly motivated by a procedure of psychological projection, trilingual system conceptualization and the mentality of trilingual selection. 3 The educational reflections upon this study indicate: firstly, in trilingual context, the teachers" classroom discourse is characterized by the multilingual involvement, flexibility in strategy option as well as the extension and strengthening of the domination of teachers" discourse. Secondly, the discourse movement and code-switching are largely affected by two cultural ecological mechanisms: enculturation and cultural manipulation. Thirdly, the status quo of EFL trilingual teachers are characterized by unbalanced trilingual proficiencies, poor cultural awareness, and little knowledge of trilingual education and trilingual code-switching, therefore, suggestions are advanced in the end to provide them further education. Fourthly, in trilingual context, the EFL curriculum for ethnic minorities is characterized by plurality of aims, complexity of organization and variety of resources. Meanwhile, it is of great necessity to understand the linguistic values of EFL education for ethnic minority learners. To be specific, firstly, we should not only have a deep understanding of the distribution, construction, function as well as communicative effects of the three languages, but also have a comparative study of the three languages and thus provide the standardization and guidance for the trilingual education. In the end, it is advanced that trilingual EFL provision for ethnic minority should pursue to develop learners" multicultural value system in which first language culture and mother language culture take the central position and EFL culture plays a vital role.

3在三语环境下，教师课堂话语具有话语形态多元化、话语选择策略具有灵活性和教师话语权得到延伸和拓展等特征；文化涵化和文化操控是影响三语教师课堂语码转换的两种文化生态机制；参差不齐的三语水平、淡薄的多元文化意识和对三语教学和语码转换缺乏科学认识是我国目前三语师资的主要特点，因此应对三语教师进行职后继续教育；在三语环境下，民族外语课程具有课程目标多元化、课程组织复杂化和课程资源多样化等特点；应对民族外语教育的语言价值进行审视和解读，对三种语言在课堂话语中的分布趋势、结构特征、功能作用和交际效果等问题进行深入研究，加强对三种语言间的对比分析研究，同时对民族外语教育中的三语教学进行规范和指导；在强调民族文化和二语文化在三语文化格局中心地位和外语文化的重要作用的同时，民族地区的外语教育应以构建多元文化价值观为其文化追求。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。