文化

And all the findings of the investigation will have an illuminative function in developing students'intercultural communicative competence.

本文同时通过问卷调查收集了部分教师对文化教学的看法，结合对学生的实证调查材料，进一步揭示了大学生在跨文化交际方面存在的问题，提出了外语教学中培养大学生跨文化交际能力的有效对策，并从教学大纲制定、教材编写、课程及测试设计、教学方法等多个方面对文化教学的改进和完善提出了有针对性的建议。

By the research on Lees image representations to Chinese and western culture, we conclude that he thinks culture difference is cultural inbeing and cultural charm, the relationship of cultures is equal.

分析他对中西文化的影像诠释，可看出李安认为文化间是平等的，但存在必然性的差异——这是文化的本质也是文化的魅力所在。

In the background dependence of political civilization,from the mercy and bounty of governor to the enjoyment and request of own rights embodies the efforts and struggles of the proletariat in order to constitute the socail assistance legal institutions,which offers the room of political system where the social assistance legal institutions are able to exist and develop and strengthen;In the background dependence of economic system,the simple truth which the economic foundation determines the superstructure exerts its advancing logic concretely and really,where the gap between the poor and the rich will be widened continuely in the condition of market economy,and the dependence on the social assistance legal institutions for the poor will be more rainforced,and the request of rights for social assistance will become intense increasingly;In the background dependence of cultural tradition,the relief ideology such as Great Harmony Society,the ideality of equal wealth and the pursuit of the idea that those who have no kin and cann't support themselves can all be cultivated and so on which goes back to ancient times has been depositted into a luscious cultural tradition and Confucianism allegates implementing the humanity politics and sparkplugs cultivating and compensating people,which results in the thoughts of taking civilian as the foundation that occupy the inrooted station in Chinese culture,and the arrangements of social assistance legal institutions response the continue of renation in Chinese traditional culture;In the background dependence of internationalization,the ideaistic assimilation and the spread of arterial values quicken the speed of civilized fusion,and the social assistance legal institutions should response positively the relative legislative concept and methods which the world has achieved the common understanding on the base of using initialively the legislative experiences in the developed country and the ones where the relative institutions reach a better performance for reference.

政治文明背景依赖方面，由统治者怜悯、恩赐到自己权利的享有和诉求，本身就体现出无产阶级为建立社会救助法律制度所付出的努力和奋斗，因此社会救助法律制度完全具有自己存在、发展和壮大的政治体制空间；经济体制背景依赖方面，经济基础决定上层建筑的朴实真理具体而实在地发挥着自己的演进逻辑，市场经济条件下贫富差距会继续扩大，贫困居民对社会救助法律制度的依赖会进一步加强，其社会救助权诉求也将会变得日益强烈；文化传统背景依赖方面，大同社会、均贫富理想、鳏寡孤独废疾者皆有所养的追求等中国源源流长的救济思想都已经沉淀为一种浓厚的文化传统，儒家思想主张实施仁政，倡导养民、恤民，民本思想在中国文化中占据着根深蒂固的地位，社会救助法律制度安排回应了中国传统文化脉络的延续；国际化背景依赖方面，观念的同化和主流价值观的流播，使文明的互融速度加快，社会救助法律制度需要主动借鉴发达国家以及相关制度具有较好绩效国家的立法经验，积极回应全球已达成共识的社会救助立法理念和方法。

The author comes to some conclusions as follow: The Khanate of Kipchak kept the submissive relation to the house of the grand khan and supported the supreme khan of Mongol Empire in the inner politics and the policy to the outside, which gave certain supports to the early communication in the Mongol Yuan dynasty; The Khanate of Kipchak should account for the stop of the communication caused by the foundation of the Khanate of Ogotai which had been supported by the Khanate of Kipchak during the period of the reign from Berke to Mangu Timur; The short-time stop of the communication was also Mongolian central government"s tragedy. The relationships of the Khanate of Kipchak to Yuan dynasty began to become normal during the course of the reign of Tuda Mangu ,Tula-buqa and Toqatai khan, in which the Khanate of Kipchak gave certain devotions to "peace" of the Mongol Khanates. Their relations had been best after the separation of Mongol Empire during the time of ozbeg and Janibeg"s reign which was. the rush hour of our economic and cultural intercourses with the Khanate of Kipchak and other west countries. The development of the relationships to Egypt accelerated the intercourses between this two countries, which indirectly widened the ways of the Sino-Arab communication in the economy and cultures. The relations to Ire Khanate had been very bad for a long time. This stopped the convergence of the Steppe Silk Roads and the Oasis Silk Roads. In other side, this helped the intercourses between Ire Khanate and Christian Europe.

本文认为，蒙古帝国时期，无论在内政还是外交方面，钦察汗国都维护着蒙古大汗的权威，保持着与蒙古大汗廷的臣属关系，这为蒙元早期中西经济文化交流需要的条件做出了一定贡献；别儿哥至忙哥帖木儿统治时期，钦察汗国应对因窝阔台汗国的崛起而导致的中西交通的阻断负一定责任，但这同时也是蒙古中央政府的悲哀；脱脱蒙哥至脱脱统治时期，两国关系开始逐渐恢复，钦察汗国为蒙古诸汗国的&约和&贡献了自己的力量；月即别和札尼别统治时期是两国关系的最密切时期，也是双方经济文化交流和中西交通的高峰期；钦察汗国与埃及关系的发展，一定程度地拓宽了中阿经济文化交流的渠道；钦察汗国与伊利汗国关系恶化和长期的紧张，一方面阻碍了草原丝路与绿洲丝路的交汇，另一方面促进了伊利汗国与欧洲的经济文化交流。

Long history left maney historical sites.Such as famous wuling Congtai Terrace,the ruins of imperial city of the state of Zhao and the Golden Millet Dream Temple in the city center, Xiang- tang caves temple in Fengfeng County,Wahuang Palace in the County ,where nuwa smelting stones and mending the sky,the ruins of three kingdo- ms of Ye city in Linzhang County,Guangfu ancient town in Yongnian County.

众多的名胜古迹散布在古赵大地上，市内有著名的武灵丛台赵王城遗址和蓬莱仙境黄粱梦吕仙祠；西部有响堂山石窟；涉县有&女娲炼石补天&处娲皇宫，临漳有邺城三台遗址；永年有广府古城还有宋代的磁州窑遗址，使邯郸成为赵文化、梦文化、太极文化、陶瓷文化的发祥地。

Under the background of Chinese traditional culture suffering and exiling in time and space, Bai Xianyong is eager for its returning and arising when it is transforming modernly and fusing the west and east culture.

将传统与现代融汇，再加上本土的创新与建设，是他所认定的中国文化由边缘回归到中心的有效途径。对于传统文化的殷切关注，使其文本中充溢着独特的&文化乡愁&，也使他的悲剧意识有了一种历史、文化的厚重。

Global culture is no homogeneous and monistic, which is a heterogeneous and pluralistic culture embracing the advanced cultures of various nations.

全球文化不是同质和一元文化，而是由各民族的先进文化所组成的多元的和异质文化。

Be able to acquire a culture- general methodology for learning about an unfamiliar culture; Understand the MBI model of managing cultural diversity from Lane, DiStefano and Maznevski; Become familiar with Hofstede's four dimensions of culture: individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty tolerance/aversion, and masculinity/femininity in cultures, plus the later-added dimension called by Michael Bond long-term orientation; Examine other numerous cultural orientations frameworks/theories, including Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck ' s Value Orientations, Hall ' s Monochronic and Polychronic Classification, High-context and Low-context orientation, and Condon and Yousef ' s, Trompenaars models.

掌握管理文化多元化的 MBI 模型，以及跨文化商务沟通中有关文化差异的主要理论模型，如霍夫司泰特、克拉克洪和斯乔贝克、霍尔的高语境与低语境、单向时间和多向时间、强皮纳斯等跨文化学者的理论。

Principle of culture ; taxonomy of culture ; morphic culture ; intentional culture

要素型文化；文化的分类体系；形态型文化；目的型文化

Given dividing campus culture into two kinds of cultures, namely, the academic culture and the nonacademic culture, the author discussed their medium function in affecting college students' quality respectively, coneluded the affecting mechanisms of campus culture and their cooperation characteristic the closed process mechanism and the open adjustment mechanism.

大学校园文化通过发挥内部教育功能，从意义表达和具体操作两个功能层面，直接与大学生素质培养活动相联系，影响大学生的培养和发展。 8、大学校园文化影响大学生素质的培养和发展，以大学办学思想为核心、大学教师文化主体为重要载体、通过学术性与非学术性文化活动两大基本途径，具有它自身的组织与运行原理；形成影响大学生素质的闭合过程机制和开合的调谐机制。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。