文人

I know," wrote Hitler,"that one is able to win people far more by the spoken than by the written word...." Later he adds contemptuously:"For let it be said to all knights of the pen and to all the political dandies, especially of today: the greatest changes in this world have never been brought about by a goose quill!

希特勒写道："我知道，一个人通过演说能争取到的人比书面文字多得多……"以后他又傲慢地补充道：让我们告诉所有的文人和政客，特别是今日的文人和政客：世上最大的变革从来不是由鹅毛笔引起的！

I like to study the tradition of literati painting of Chinese painting very much.

中国画的传统是丰富多样的，就我个人来说，我很喜欢研究中国画文人画的传统，我在研究中国画当中，觉得近现代的中国画是文人画的传统，它应该是一个主流。

I don't acknowledge, and I also don't dare to say that I'm a literator, because not only I haven't read any literature works graceful or ungraceful but also I don't know literature at all.

有人说我有文人气质，我不承认，也不敢当；我只是一个墨客，算不上文人，不仅无论上流的还是下流的文学作品没读过，也不知道什么叫文学。

Many literators and painters of past dynasties had participated in gardening directly, which add the literator's thought, and painter's theory, style and method into garden creation.

历代不少文人、画家都直接参与了造园，这也把文人的思想，画家的理论、画风、笔意熔铸于园林的创作之中。

The paper cites sketchbook of Ming-Qing danasty to analyze literate Planchette' s article in socio-history method. It demonstrates their true and particular life such as imperial examination, office career, fallow, sensibility and religious life.

本文从明清笔记小说出发，运用社会史的分析方法对明清文人扶乩作品进行深刻的考察，反映文人真实而别样的科举、仕途、休闲、情感和宗教生活。

Some work directly connects to traditional Chinese art. The relationship between the portrayer of the object and the objected being portrayed is fundamentally altered. Therefore, multiple visual layers emerge. By creating a self-content painting world, this type of work reinterprets the literati paintings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. While addressing ontological issues for painting, the work implies the elegant literati taste the artist is born with. Some works emphasize the interaction between space and traditional art materials, mechanically carrying out a repetition of a traditional scene.

参加"诗意现实：对江南的再解读"展览的近三十位艺术家的作品，我以为，也许大体可以把它们分为下面几种类型：有的直接与中国的艺术精神相续，在媒介和再现对象之间进行图像"转译"，并形成多重的视觉套层，从而建立起一个自足的绘画世界，来实现对明清文人画的重新审看和临写，在对绘画的本体问题进行实验的同时，传达自己与身俱来的优雅的文人意趣。

Except for Qingyi tradition from ancient literati, news thought in the West has some influence on the early Chinese press, by publishing a newspaper from the missionaries in China and transoceanic experience from some literati. It has an important role in the form of discussing politics from literati.

文人论政是中国近代新闻史上引人注目的现象，除了古代士大夫的清议传统，西方的新闻思想，通过传教士在华的办报实践和中国一部分知识分子的海外体验，影响了中国的早期报业，并对文人论政的风气的形成起了重要的作用。

However, during New Trend '85, Gu Wenda differentiated himself from most artists of Chinese Painting of the time and showed his contemporary consciousness by experimenting on traditional ink painting materials and techniques. This brought out a new possibility for the contemporaneity of Chinese Painting. Since then, unremitting efforts have been made to "modernize" Chinese Painting through traditional abstract elements like ink-wash and Calligraphy. These efforts streamed into a new trend called "modern ink"(or "abstract ink","experimental ink") in late 1980's, though seemed not widely acknowledged for its resemblance to Abstract Expressionism of 1960's and 1970's American art. What is interesting is that while some artists are endeavoring to "westernize" their art, a new trend grouped as "Neo-literati Painting" appears with very traditional form and mood. This can be explained as a group of people's resistance to the reformation of traditional culture as well as their nostalgia to traditional ideals. However, this school tends to be artificial for the absence of the particular context, and the expression with traditional brushwork is also regionally limited. Of all the efforts of reformation, Chinese Painting that accordingly adopts the tradition heads the list because of the cultural identification of the big number of population and greater market as a result of the economic growth of China. Meanwhile, the immense conservative inertia of traditional Chinese culture can also be detected.

在"现代艺术"风起云涌的"85新潮"中，谷文达以传统水墨的材料和方法表达出不同于当时大多数中国画艺术家们这种文化心态和文化认知的现代意识，为中国画的现代性提供了一种方案；以水墨、还有选择中国传统书法的抽象因素等可能来进行现代性探索，一直是中国画连绵的努力，在80年代后期汇聚成"现代水墨"（又或曰"抽象水墨"、"实验水墨"），是中国画的又一流向，但是不是没有脱离60、70年代美国的"抽象主义"意义，反而还有了拾人牙慧之嫌，所以始终难以获得更大的认可和成功；很有趣的是，与此"西化"流向同时的，还有以非常传统的方式出现的"新文人画"潮流，或许可以把这看着是部分中国文化人在中国以西方为参照的新文化背景下对之的抵制，对传统理想的怀念和诉求，但由于已经失去了其语境和环境，"新文人画"显得娇情和造作，而且这种以非常地域化的传统笔墨语言来表现的方式也失去了更为普遍化的可能；反而是延续传统一脉的国画，由于有巨大的人数基础的本土文化的认同，在中国经济发展后有了更大的市场，所以还是蔚然为中国画的一大潮向，从这也可以看到中国文化承传的保守性的力量。

There are four reasons: the life philosophyidea of ancient China; the recognition to the personal life value; the deeper cognitionabout literary function; traditional anthroposcopy and the Han Wei, Six Dynasty'spersonality appreciation.

分别从中国古代的生命哲学思想底蕴；六朝文人对个体生命价值的重视和高扬；六朝文人对文学功能认识的进一步深化；传统相术和汉魏六朝人物品鉴对六朝文论生命化的影响四个方面进行具体论述。

According to Zhou Yang, He Qi-fang, Ding Ling as the particular objects, my article describes their processes in thinking conversion and internal logic routes from the angel of the writers principle part. I will analyze the"incline"to the direction of the great frame of political ideology so as to dialyze their cultural puzzles, hardship choices and cultural diseases existed in themselves.

文章又以周扬、何其芳、丁玲为具体对象，从文人主体的角度，描述他们思想转变的过程与内在理路，分析其文学理论与创作成果向政治意识形态方向的&倾斜&和在政治意识形态大框架中闪出的重重&缝隙&，以此透析文人进入政治体制的运作轨道后所面临的文化困境、艰难选择以及自身存在的文化病症。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。