整倍体

It is speculated that most of the multiple pengze crucian carp are tetraploid, their chromosomes consist of the whole maternal chromo some set and a haploid paternal chromosome set, they belong to the filial generation from ovum of female parent pengze crucian carp which inserts haploid genome of agnate.

推测多数复合鲫个体为复合四倍体异育彭泽鲫，其染色体组包含母本彭泽鲫的全套染色体和父本单倍染色体组所产生的子代，少数个体可能为非整倍体。

The active targets of the aneugens in the cells were not only chromosome and DNA but also all kinds of mitosis apparatuses (such as centriole, kinetochore, microtubule of spindle etc ),centromere and cell membrane.

非整倍体诱发剂在细胞中的作用靶标通常不仅是染色体和DNA，也可包括各种有丝分裂器（如中心粒、着丝点、纺锤体微管），着丝粒和细胞膜。

False sister chromatid separation and chrosomal instability may be caused by abnormal centrosome, which may make bipolar spindle abnormal.

异常中心体可产生纺锤体异常，使染色体错误分离，引起染色体不稳定性和非整倍体的形成。

By using two color FISH with one euchromosome probe and one sex chromosome probe, the sperm with same color of two hybridization signals in one sperm head could be identified as aneuploidy sperm or diploid sperm.

若用1条常染色体探针和1条性染色体探针进行FISH，可以区别头部有2个相同颜色荧光杂交信号的精子属非整倍体精子或二倍体精子。

The results indicated that the treatment of irradiation restrained the growth and differentiation of protocorm, especially to roots.The LD50 is 67.23Gy, because the protocorm is a integrate embryoids and higher tolerance was found. Ploidy analysis showed that most of aberrant seedlings go with the change of DNA and they were not euploid. When the plants trearted by irradiation, some of aberrant seedlings appeared stem forfication, and leaves appeared chlorophyll-deficient or green-white.,probably due to some genes' expression or closing.

结果表明：辐照处理对种胚原球茎的生长和分化有抑制作用，尤其是对根的抑制更为明显；由于种胚原球茎的完整性好，耐受性强，其辐照半致死剂量(LD50)为67.23Gy；流式细胞分析表明，大多数外部形态发生改变的植株其细胞内DNA的倍性发生了改变，出现相当多的非整倍体；此外，辐照产生的变异苗出现茎分叉、叶片缺绿或白绿相间等现象，可能是由于某些基因的表达与关闭引起的。

Aneuploidy is that cells or individuals possess abnormal chromosome number resulted by nondisjunction during cell division .

非整倍体指染色体分离异常所导致的染色体数目非整倍性改变所得到的细胞与个体。

Several groups of aneuploids were characterized in pentaploid progenies of B. napus and O. violaceus.

在甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间五倍体杂种后代中，鉴定出多种非整倍体类型。

For obtaining the aneuploid in rice,the primary trisomic from triplo-1 to triplo-12 and the aneuploid derived from 1992~1995.From the offspringe of triplo-10, a primary trisomic of chromosome 10 of this variety,an isotetrasomic triplo-10-1 was obtained.

在水稻上，为了获得这类遗传材料，从中籼3037同源三倍体后代产生的非整倍体中，在筛选初级三体的同时，进行了等臂染色体变异材料的筛选。

The development speed of gynogenetic embryos was later than that of the control group, and aneuploids were found in this study. The obvious improved survival of trochophore larvae with a peak at 40s UV exposure suggested the presence of a Hertwig effect in the gynogenesis of A. pectinata. When sperms were irradiated for 40s, the cleavage rate was relatively high (51.2%), the developmental rate of D-larvae became zero, and the rate of haploid reached the highest (36.8%).

经紫外线照射的精子受精后所产生的单倍体胚胎发育速度慢于正常受精所产生的二倍体胚胎，各照射组均出现非整倍体。40s照射组中卵裂率达到51.2%，D型幼虫发生率为0，单倍体率最高，达到36.8%，出现"Hertwig效应"。

In the offsprings of the aneuploids (P3) with 41~44 chromosomes, there are four types of plants with 29~32 chromosomes. Except the plant with 29 chromosomes, others which appeared abnormal meiosis behavior and poor pollen fertility are mixoploid.

在染色体数为44与41的两种超倍体（P3群体）后代，鉴定出具有29~32条染色体的4种非整倍体，除染色体数为29的植株外，其余均为混倍体，它们的减数分裂异常，花粉育性低。

What would he tell Judith and the children?

他将怎样告诉朱迪丝和孩子们呢？

I this is at that time, the opinion with peacockish true girl is full of in a heart.

这就是当时的我，一个心中布满虚荣的女孩子真实的想法。