整体论

Holism is made up of data research and clinical research , and reductionism experimental research and clinical research .

整体论模式包含文献研究和临床研究两个路径，还原论模式包含实验研究和临床研究两个路径，复杂性模式也包含实验研究和临床研究两个路径，合计6个类型。

The project is backed by 16 Chinese ministries, spearheadedby the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry ofHealth and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

这要求采用整体论的方法对待疾病的治疗，不是用一种药治疗一种特定的疾病，而是使用植物提取物的复杂混合。

This theory apparently disband the traditional dichotomy of subject-object and nature-society in philosophical significance and make for an...

这一理论在哲学意义上显然消解了传统的主体/客体、自然/社会二分法，走向了一种科学实践研究的整体论进路，为人们揭示知识与社会的复杂联系提供了一种新的方法和理论平台。

Quantum mechanics breaks though the mechanical determinism in classical science, transforming it into nonmechanical determinism; it changes scientific cognitive process from the theory of reductionism to the theory of wholism; it shifts the way of thinking from pursuing simplicity to exploring the complexity; it also establishes the interaction between subject and object in scientific researches.

量子力学突破了经典科学的机械决定论，使之转化为非机械决定论；使得科学认识方法由还原论转化为整体论；使得科学思维方式由追求简单性到探索复杂性；确立了科学活动中主客体互动关系。

However,we can find the limitations of the epistemology easily if weconsider it from the standpoint of Marxism:it emphasizes the validity ofantifoundationalism too much and has a unilateral understanding and use ofholism,it even parries and perverts the problem of truth,goes a wrong way todissolve the philosophy of science in the end.

但是，当我们站在马克思主义的立场来考察的时候，就会发现，新实用主义的科学认识论还存在诸多不尽人意的局限：它过于强调反基础主义的合法性，对整体论的运用和理解仍很片面，甚至回避和歪曲真理，走上了消解科学哲学的错误道路。

Meanwhile, we should extract Marx's rational thoughts about connection between the man and the nature, about the resources of the modern system wholism.

同时，汲取马克思关于人与自然之间关系的合理性思想和现代系统整体论资源。

To avoid scientifc side-effect on environment, to construct the "environment-friendly society", the science should carry on the revolutionary diversion of ways of thinking accordingly, from reductionism to wholism, because it is not enough to fill the "landscape" of knowledge with "ethics" or "value" from the exterior of the science.

因此，要消解科学对环境的副作用、建构&环境友好型社会&，仅仅依靠将伦理观或价值观从外部纳入科学知识的&版图&是远远不够的，更关键的是要从科学知识的内部，特别是从它的&母体&－还原论范式入手加以批判与反思，实现还原论与整体论的整合与互动。

In the end, we summarize the thought features of post-experientialism philosophy of social science, and conclude the main object, which include breaking the unity of science of positivism, the wholism of science method, and overturn the authority of science. In fact, the post-experientialists look the science as society, history, culture, system, organization, and they are in the same position.

最后对后经验主义社会科学哲学的思想特征作出了总结，分析了其主要目标就是要打破实证主义的科学统一观、科学方法的整体论观念，推翻自然科学具有权威性和普遍有效的解释与预测功能等信仰，事实上也就是要祛除实证主义的科学神化观，转而将科学的理性和逻辑，看作与科学的社会、历史、文化、制度、组织等外在因素具有同等的地位。

To avoid scientifc side-effect on environment, to construct the environment-friendly society, the science should carry on the revolutionary diversion of ways of thinking accordingly, from reductionism to wholism, because it is not enough to fill the lands

因此，要消解科学对环境的副作用、建构&环境友好型社会&，仅仅依靠将伦理观或价值观从外部纳入科学知识的&版图&是远远不够的，更关键的是要从科学知识的内部，特别是从它的&母体&－还原论范式入手加以批判与反思，实现还原论与整体论的整合与互动。

This article will try to introduce it in a more complete and accurate way and comment it on the basis of the stand, viewpoint and method of Marxism and point out it's success and failure .

本分将力求对其整体论进行较为完整、准确的介绍，并基于马克思主义技术观的立场、观点和方法对之进行评论，指出其成败得失。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了