整体经济

Focusing the measurement of financial risk of extreme, this study empirically investigated the extreme risks of Chinese stock market based the theoretical researches of extreme value and relevant conclusions.This dissertation made an in-depth study on the type and nature of the asymptotic distribution of extreme value.

另外，我国正处在经济转型期，虽已初步建立起以国有商业银行为主体的商业性金融体系，但金融体制的市场改革依然远远滞后于其它经济部门，整体行业受政策影响较大，市场运行机制经常发生变化，金融体系风险非但没有降低，反而不断积聚，金融市场动荡加剧，作为市场经济晴雨表的沪深股票市场频频的巨幅涨跌即清楚地表示了金融体系的震荡状况。

Not only the class polarization in the process of Hans migration localization accelerated the development of landlord economy, but also accelerated the social changes of Yunnan. Especially, Hans migration accelerated that the clerisy class diffusely rose, improved the population diathesis and exerted a great influence in Yunnan society. All stroke Tu Si politics and established region base, economy base, thinking base and culture base for unify politics.

汉族移民进入云南促使汉族人口急剧增长；形成了民族杂居、民族融合；导致了汉化倾向更加明显；推动封建地主经济迅速发展并冲击土司政治的经济基础；引起了云南知识分子士绅阶层的兴起、汉文化和儒学的广泛传播、以"大一统"为核心的中华整体发展观深入各民族人心等因素的共同作用，从而奠定云南更全面地实行一体统一政治的地域基础、经济基础和思想文化基础，推进云南社会与祖国内地整体发展步伐的加快。

The firms located in industrial cluster are important ties that linked the local industrial cluster and the global production network. They are as well as the micro-dynamics for the clusters' upgrading and evolution in the context of economic globalization. The existing researches on industrial cluster almost focus on the cluster's competitive advantages as a whole unit, which has supposed the firms in clusters are homogeneous and opportunity equipotent that can get extra advantages compared to the un-clustered firms.

集群企业正成为联系地方产业集群与全球生产网络的重要纽带，是经济全球化背景下产业集群升级和演进的微观动力；从已有的集群理论研究成果来看，目前的研究主要集中于集群整体层面，研究的焦点是对集群整体的竞争优势进行探讨，集群企业被假定为是具有同质性和机会均等性的，相对于非集群企业可以获得一种"非对称"的特殊竞争优势。

The Underwriter may terminate its commitment under the Underwriting Agreement at any time prior to the Latest Time for Termination if: there shall develop, occur, exist or come into effect: any new law or regulation or any change in existing laws or regulations or any change in the interpretation or application thereof by any court or other competent authority in Hong Kong or any other place in which any member of the Group conducts or carries on business; or any event or series of events resulting or likely to result in any change in local, national or international financial, political, military, industrial, economic or market conditions; or any change in the conditions of local, national or international securities markets (including but without limitation, the imposition of any moratorium, suspension or restriction on trading in securities generally on the Stock Exchange due to exceptional financial circumstances or otherwise); or any change or development involving a prospective change in Hong Kong taxation or exchange control which will or may affect the Group or a proportion of the existing Shareholders of the Company in their capacity as such, which, in the reasonable opinion of the Underwriter:(1) is or will or is likely to have a material adverse effect on the business or financial condition of the Group as a whole or the Rights Issue; or (2) has or will have or is likely to have a material adverse effect on the success of the Rights Issue or the level of Rights Shares taken up; or (3) makes it inadvisable or inexpedient for the Company to proceed with the Rights Issue; or there comes to the notice of the Underwriter: any matter or event showing any of the representations, warranties and undertakings made by PIL and the Company was, when given, untrue or misleading or as having been breached in any respect; or any breach by any of the other parties to the Underwriting Agreement of any of their respective obligations or undertakings under the Underwriting Agreement or under any of the PIL Letter of Undertaking, Option Undertakings or the Sub-underwriting Letter, then and in any such case the Underwriter may, upon giving notice to the Company and PIL, terminate the Underwriting Agreement with immediate effect.

倘发生下列事件，包销商可于最后终止时间前任何时间终止其根据包销协议之责任：以下情况将会出现、发生、存在或生效：香港或本集团任何成员公司经营或从事业务所在任何其他地方之法院或其他主管机关颁布任何新法律或法规，或更改现行法律或法规，或有关法律或法规之诠释或应用有变；或发生任何事件或连串事件导致或可能导致本地、国家或国际金融、政治、军事、工业、经济或市况有变；或本地、国家或国际证券市场之状况有变（包括但不限于因特殊金融状况或其他原因而暂时禁止、暂停或限制港交所之整体证券交易）；或香港税务或外汇管制有变或出现可能导致变动之事态发展，而将会或可能对本集团或本公司部份现有股东产生影响，而包销商合理认为上述情况：(1)会或将会或可能会对本集团整体之业务或财务状况或供股有重大不利影响；或(2)经已或将会或可能会对供股之成功或供股股份之认购数量有重大不利影响；或(3)令本公司进行供股变得不智或不宜时；或包销商得悉：任何事情或事件显示太平船务及本公司所作出之任何陈述、保证及承诺于作出时在任何方面属失实或构成误导或遭违反；或包销协议之任何其他订约方违反彼等各自根据包销协议或任何太平船务承诺函、购股权承诺或分包销函件之任何责任或承诺，而在此情况下，包销商可向本公司及太平船务发出通知即时终止包销协议。

However, due to the large differences in economic development, social operation model, political system and cultural customs etc., there are many pecularities in China. We can see from the two following aspects: one is our the selection of pension institutions which possesses more character of "institutional dependency", and the determinative role of the evolvement of the pension structure on the choice of pension risk management mode can\'t directly be embodied, but the determinative role of the financial structure on overall the pension structure registers as the restriction of our financial system to the development of our private pension plans; the other one is that the magistral situation and product structure of traditional financial institutions, especially insurers, reflect our financial system is not quick to manage pension risk.

然而，由于我国在经济发展水平、社会运行模式、政治制度体制、社会文化习俗等方面与OECD国家存在较大的差异，我国养老金结构与金融结构的相关性也具有一定的特殊性，这种特殊性体现在两个方面：一是我国公共养老金计划主导的养老金制度选择更具有"制度依赖性"，并不能直接地、自然而然地体现出养老金结构演变对养老风险管理模式的决定作用，而金融结构对养老金整体结构的决定作用则更多地表现为金融系统对我国私营养老金计划发展的掣肘；二是我国传统金融机构特别是人寿保险公司在私营养老金计划中的主导地位和产品结构反映出我国金融体系管理养老风险的整体能力还不理想。

Based on EOQ model, it builds a discount model with consideration of both supplier and procurer aimed at optimizing the supply chain. This paper can give some thought to those who are making the procuring strategy for supply chain enterprises, and may provide a way to have a more consolidate relationship in the supply chain, reducing the cost of supply chain.

本文以经典经济订货批量为基础，从供需双方及供应链整体利益共同优化的角度，建立了供应链上供需双方合作博弈折扣策略模型，指导供应链企业制定采购批量策略，从而调动供需双方的积极性，稳固合作伙伴关系，实现供应链整体成本的降低。

However, compared with the average situation of developed areas, Baicheng non-government economy still has a long way to go, especially in these aspects: the enterprises are small and unpowerful; the technical content in product is not enough; the non-government entrepreneurs' personality has been in growth and so on.

尽管如此，与省内平均水平或与发达地区相比，白城市民营经济依然存在较大差距，主要表现为企业总体规模偏小、整体实力不强、产品科技含量不高、民营企业家整体素质有待提高等一系列问题。

Upon the basis of our design experience in prefabricating yards,and the results of our scientific research,the principle of location,rate of production,storage mode,transport system and other key parameters of the layout and design for the prefabricating yard are dealt with in the paper,with the expected overall aim of being adva...

结合课题科研成果和规划设计经验，对制梁场整体规划中的选址原则、制梁速度选定、关键参数确定、搬移梁方式与大型工装设备以及存梁方式选定等技术予以论述，力求制梁场达到技术先进、经济合理、安全适用的整体规划目标，有助于提升制梁场建设水平。

Establishing procedural democracy mechanisms in economic law aims to give a legitimate judge on power of government internvention, and to clear up the obscure of the whole socail interests, and to safegard and promote the whole socail interests.

在经济法视野下，经济民主更多地是一种以妥协为中心的、以交往为过程的程序民主，经济法建立程序民主的目的就在于对政府干预权的合法性进行判断，对社会整体利益的模糊性进行澄清，从而使社会整体利益得到维护和促进。

If peasants are in a heavy pressure from capital restriction, they may have to sell at the "three sale fastigiums" and lose their opportunities of maximizing their sale profits.

回归结果在整体上验证了本文的整体分析及具体假说，农户的农作物品种越特殊、农户家庭经济中农业比重越高、户主信息可得性越强，农户越倾向于选择&新型销售方式&；农户面临的资金约束是农户选择在&三大销售高峰期&销售的最重要原因，当农户的资金压力形成硬约束时，农户没有选择实现利润最大化的销售时机的自由。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。