整体主义

The logic way of thought of this thesis is culture, teacher culture and teacher culture of balkanization. This thesis starts with the definition of teacher culture, and teacher groups, and teacher culture of balkanization. Secondly, on the basis of definition and comparing domestic and overseas studies, this thesis analyzes the features of teacher culture of balkanization and its form of representation. Thirdly, this thesis explores the reason of the forming of teacher culture of balkanization from three angles of view, namely individual angle, organizational angle and social angle. Fourthly, this thesis analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of teacher culture of balkanization in a dialectic way. Fifthly, the thesis ends up with principles and strategies for modifying teacher culture of balkanization.

本文首先对教师文化、教师派别以及派别主义教师文化做了概念上的界定，在此基础上，参照中西方研究深入剖析了派别主义教师文化的特征，归纳了派别主义教师文化的具体表现形式；从个人层面、组织层面以及社会层面三个维度详实探讨了派别主义教师文化的形成原因；以辩证的观点全面分析了派别主义教师文化存在的合理性与弊端；在对合理性和弊端全面分析的基础上主要针对派别主义教师文化的弊端提出了矫正原则与策略；在对全文整体把握的高度上，本文认为应当采用审慎的变革态度和方式对派别主义教师文化进行恰当取舍，对于实质上是团体个人主义的派别主义文化，其解决的根本途径是走向合作。

The quintessence of Marxism is an organic entirety based on the essential features of Marxismpracticality, creativity and scientificalness.

马克思主义的精髓是一个有机的整体，作为这一整体的基础是马克思主义的实践性、创新性和科学性的本质特征。

Of course,it is possible to develop global ethic because there are some uniform between China and Occident from the view of logical procession's formation and development,the main studied topi...

从中西伦理思想形成和发展的逻辑过程、探讨的主要命题及创立的德目、整体主义的价值原则和作为普遍道德律的&黄金规则&来看，中西伦理思想异中有同，这一切在全球伦理受到前所未有关注的今天，随着人类在发展中文化冲突与融合的加剧、全球意识的形成，使全球伦理的建构成为可能。

And even then, if noeffort is spared, we should still possess so formidable a superiority as toimpose effective deterrents upon its employment, or threat of employment, byothers.

并且就算没有造出原子弹，我们仍然还有那么强大的优势通过别的什么来对整体主义系统的工作或它的威胁施加有效的威慑力量。

His ecological wholism methodology has important directive significance to solve the ecological environment problem too to now.

他的生态整体主义方法论对现今解决生态环境问题也有重要的指导意义。

Although the individualism methodology is always aprinciple in main stream western economics,it is continuouslycriticized by some branches of economics.With the fusion ofmodern science and economics,the wholism methodology is paidmore and more attention by economists.

虽然经济学方法论的个体主义一直是西方主流经济学的一个方法论原则，但是它始终受到了非主流经济学的批判，并且随着现代科学与经济学结合的日益加深，整体主义方法论越来越受到经济学家的重视。

Based on the criticism of the western "economic man "theory from the two perspectives of economics and philosophy, the paper builds a new economic man hypothesis and theory, whose methodology is wholism, materialism and realism.Then, it puts forward the "new hypothesis of living labour value", which means that various productive living labour creates the value of commodities.

本文首先在从经济学和哲学两个视角批评西方经济人理论的基础上，确立了一种新经济人假说和理论，其方法论是整体主义、唯物主义和现实主义的；然后，提出各种生产性活劳动创造商品价值的&活劳动价值新假说&，并论证与此有关的&全要素财富说&和&按贡分配形质说&。

The germ of the internal conflict of methodology of social science,which is the conflict between Methodology of understanding and Methodology of positiveness,between Methodological individualism and Methodological wholism,is the unilateral social philosophy,namely,"Theory of peculiarity" and "Theory of social similarity",Social Nominalism and Social Realism.

社会科学方法论内在冲突(即理解方法论和实证方法论、方法论个人主义和方法论整体主义之间的冲突)产生的根源是片面的社会哲学，即&社会独特论&和&社会类似论&、社会唯名论和社会唯实论。

In the social evolution that the spiral rises of feudal wholism --Individualism -- Marx"s"real collectivism, new collectivism is the transition stage leaping from individualism to real collectivism.

在封建整体主义——个人主义——马克思&真正的&集体主义的螺旋上升的过程中，新集体主义是由个人主义向真正的集体主义飞跃的过渡阶段。

Romantic Holism has a great influence the thought of Russian aesthetics in the first half of the 19th century.

浪漫主义的整体主义思想的集大成者是德国浪漫主义者，特别是耶拿浪漫派。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。