数量级

In this paper we have point out the error of principle formula quoted by all literatures at home and abroad to measure the refractive angle and the method of V-prism, derive from beginning the right formula of measuring refractive index by the method of minimum deviation angle and the method of V-prism.

本文指出了测量光学材料折射率的最小偏向角法和V棱镜法国内外所有文献的原理公式误差，重新推导了最小偏向角法和V棱镜法测量折射率的正确公式。基于最小偏向角法用精密测角仅可以获得±3×10-6的折射率的测量精度，然而，这些文献沿用经典的测量原理公式却具有-4×10－4数量级的原理公式误差，因此导致错误的测量结果。

Air permeability of field soil was obtained k1=4.8446×10^(-12)m^2 by soil column method. Meanwhile, relative permeability curve of air-water was gained by biphase flowing experiment. During experiment period, average of soil water content was 0.2689g and pH value was 7.0-8.5. The quantity of aboriginal animalcule went down sharply after pouring contamination into the ground and then rose gradually to its original level which was 10^7 (unit g1dry soil).

采用土柱法测得现场土壤的空气有效渗透率为k1=4.8446×10^(-12)平方公尺，通过气液两相流动试验得到气－液相对渗透率曲线；试验期间土壤平均含水量为0.2689g，pH值在7.0-8.5之间；微生物含量在注入污染物及营养盐后先下降后回升，驯化后期细菌密度达10^7（个g^(-1)干土）数量级。

These two phenomena often are of the same order of magnitude, and must be considered integratively in AVO interpretation.

这两种现象常常具有相同的数量级，AVO解释中应对它们进行综合考虑。

So there seems to be a rough agreement on at least the order of magnitude of recent job losses.

这样看来，至少在最近的失业情况的数量级上，前后两项调查得出了大致相同的结论。

The works in the project just done can be summarized as five respects.(1) A device was designed to fabricate the asymmetrical resonant cavities by a pendant drop. A series ARCs with variable parameters provides a valuable experimental method for investigating the characteristics of ARCs.(2) The relationship between the number of active modes and the shape parameters in an ARC was investigated. The experimental lasing threshold was compared with theoretical result, the good agreement between two shown that it was the decrease of the number of active modes in an ARC that decreased lasing threshold.(3) Dye lasing gain was used to enhance the signals of stimulated Raman scattering of the weak gain Raman modes in a circular cavity made by a pendant drop, the instantaneous SRS spectra of weak gain Raman modes in ethanol was obtained by this new method.(4) The SRS signals of minority compound in a binary chemical complex was obtained by using dye lasing gain method. The detection concentration of minority compound was reduced to an order compared with normal SRS method.(5) A cylindrical circular cavity was formed by a liquid jet, which was used to reduce the pump intensity required for laser induced plasma spectroscopy. The limit of detection of trace element in aqueous sample was greatly decreased by this new method.

我们设计并成功制作了使悬垂液滴连续变形的装置，用此装置可以方便地改变非圆对称谐振腔的几何参数，为ARCs的研究提供了一种有效的实验方法；研究了ARCs中活性模式数和变形参数间的变化规律，激光阈值的数值计算结果和激光辐射的实验结果作了比较，二者吻合的曲线说明ARCs中活性模式数量的减少是受激辐射放大阈值降低的原因；在由单元化合物构成的微型圆对称谐振腔中，首次尝试用"激光增益"增强弱增益拉曼模式的受激拉曼散射信号，获得了乙醇分子中弱增益拉曼模式的瞬态SRS光谱；在由二元混合物构成的微型圆对称谐振腔中，用染料的激光增益增强了少量化合物的SRS信号，把少量化合物的SRS信号探测浓度降低了近一个数量级，在SRS应用于瞬态过程的组份分析方面做了卓有成效的探索；用石英毛细管形成的稳定液拄构成拄形谐振腔，降低了激光诱导等离子体光谱需要的激励能量，有效地降低了水相样品的痕量元素分析极限，为LIPS应用于微量元素的化学分析开拓了一条新的技术路线。

The changes in the birefringence factor S are an order of magnitude larger than the changes in the viscosity.

双折射因子S的改变是一个数量级比粘度改变大的量。

Aturated calomel electrode, the calibration curves for all polycarboxylic acids studied were linear with 2～3-orders of magnitude and all the detection limits (s/n=3) were below 15 fmol except malonic acid.

CE获得了选择性的、灵敏的检测，检测限在15fmol(丙二酸97.5fmol)以下，线性范围达2～3数量级。

And, four kinds of typical reflecting systems were discussed in detail. Comparing the results, it is found that the angular blur spots in a Dall-Kirkham system and an inverse Dall-Kirkham system are at the same order of magnitude, which is almost ten times of a Cassegrain system′s.

详细讨论了四种典型的反射系统，Dall-Kirkham系统和反Dall-Kirkham系统的弥散斑角宽尺寸在一个数量级上，大约为卡塞格林系统的十倍。R-C系统的弥散斑角宽最小，几乎是卡塞格林系统的十分之一。

Time series simulations are consistent with sediment records from lake bottom cores back to 100 years ago, and spatial distribution modeling of nutrient resources are agreement with changes in the geographical features. The work suggests that the simulations can catch basic characters of the basin nutrient changes, and provides a powerful tool to evaluate nutrient resources, sedimentations and distributions responding to historical changes in catchment environments.

模拟总氮和总磷浓度与太湖沉积钻孔沉积样推算的水体含量的数量级和变化范围相当，太湖流域的营养盐空间来源模拟也能够与流域自然地理变化吻合，表明模拟能够捕捉到流域营养盐历史变化特征，对湖泊营养物质来源、沉积和空间分布的流域环境历史变化响应具有良好模拟能力。

Generate compound file to will spend more time 2 · optimize index is many index the file incorporates actually the process of individual file, to reduce the quantitative level of index file, the operation that reads the time that takes index file to undertake can reduce when the search.

生成复合文件将消耗更多的时间 2·优化索引其实就是将多个索引文件合并成单个文件的过程，为了减少索引文件的数量级，能在搜索时减少读取索引文件的时间进行的操作。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。