数量上

Until June 2007, seventy-eight species of Amphibians' complete sequence of mitochondrial genome were presented in GenBank. The gene numbers in the genomes range from 35 to 41; the 78 mtDNA genomes can be divided into 22 types and further clustered as 3 groups based on the gene number, kind and arrangement. The type 4 is a common type among the class Amphibia and other vertebrate, type 8 is common among the three orders of living Amphibia.

对2007年6月13日以前公布于GenBank上的78种两栖动物的线粒体基因组全序列进行了总结、比较和分析。78种基因组中基因的数量从35~41个不等；根据基因的数量、种类及其排列顺序的差别将其分为22种基因组类型，其进而聚为3组，其中类型4为两栖纲与其它脊椎动物的常见类型，类型8为两栖纲中现生3个目的公有类型。

Changes in individuals from 1992 to 1999 differed among species,for instance,Cryptocarya concinna decreased,whereas Macaranga sampsonii and Randia canthioides increased,and Engelharditia roxburghiana maintained relatively stable.

黄果厚壳桂等种群1999年的数量较1992年有所降低，黄杞、白颜树、华润楠、荷木、黄叶树等种群数量相对稳定，鼎湖血桐和光叶山黄皮则在1992年的基础上有大幅度的增长。

There was also a significant negative correlation between the amount of change in the latitude of the southern edge of the range and the amount of elevational shifting from the Late Pleistocene to the present. Although significant, only c.

有并且一种重大消极交互作用在相当数量变化在范围的南部的边缘的纬度上和相当数量elevational 转移之间从晚更新世对礼物。

The results show that the radiative properties of randomly distributed soot aggregates for a given fractal dimension are complex functions of the monomer diameters, the number of monomers in the aggregates,and the refractive index; For a small value of the monomer diameters, the absorption cross section of soot aggregates tends to be relatively constant when the fractal dimension is small but increases rapidly when the fractal dimension exceeds two. However, a monotonical reduction in light absorption with the increase of the fractal dimension is observed for soot aggregates with sufficiently large monomer diameters, number of monomers,and refractive index. The scattering cross section , extinction cross section and single-scattering albedo increase monotonically with the increase of the fractal dimension. Overall, the results for soot aggregates differ profoundly from those calculated for the equivalent spherical particles, and the discrepancies between them will change small with the increase of the fractal dimension.

研究表明，在给定分形维数的情况下，烟尘団簇粒子的辐射特性取决于原始微粒粒径、数量及复折射率；原始微粒较小的団簇粒子，当分形维数较小时，吸收截面变化不明显，但当分形维数大于二时，吸收截面骤然增大，然而，对于具有比较大的原始微粒粒径、数量及复折射率的烟尘団簇粒子，吸收截面随着分形维数的增大而单调递减；随着分形维数的增大，団簇粒子的散射截面、消光截面及单次散射反照率均单调递增；从整体上来讲，団簇粒子的辐射特性与等效球形粒子的辐射特性存在着比较大的差别，并且这种差别随着分形维数的增大而减小。

Light microscope and transmission electron microscopy showed that SMMC-7721 cells induced by SAHA had undergone the restorational alteration in morphology and ultrastructure, which were different from those of nontreated cells but were similar to those of normal cells, and the changes were as follows: the cells turned to be flat and spread; the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio lessened and nuclear shape became rather regular; the number of nucleolus reduced and its volume lessened; euchromatin increased while heterochromatin decreased in nucleus; in the cytoplasm, mitochondria grew in number with relatively consistent structure and well-developed mitochondria cristae; Golgi complex turned to be well-developed and typical; rough endoplasmic reticulum increased. Immunocytochemistry assay showed that the expression of AFP and PCNA were declined significantly. FCM analysis showed SAHA could arrest SMMC-7721 cells in G0/G1 phase, with an accumulation of the cells in G0/G1 phase while a decrease of cells in S phase. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR detection revealed that the expression of p21WAFl mRNA was upregulated remarkably in the cells treated with SAHA.

结果：倒置显微镜和透射电镜观察显示，经SAHA处理的细胞增殖速度显著减慢，细胞体积增大，细胞核较小，形状较为规则，核仁数量减少、体积变小，核内常染色质增多而异染色质减少，核质比例减小，细胞质内线粒体数量增多、线粒体嵴发达，高尔基体较为典型，粗糙型内质网增多，呈现出与正常上皮细胞相似的形态变化；MTT比色法测定结果显示不同浓度(2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0uM)SAHA对SMMC-7721细胞的增殖均有抑制作用，并有明显的剂量依赖和时间依赖关系；免疫细胞化学检测显示SAHA能显著降低PCNA和AFP在SMMC-7721细胞中的表达；流式细胞仪检测结果显示，SMMC-7721细胞经SAHA处理后，G0/G1期细胞明显增加，S期细胞则明显减少，细胞被阻滞于G0/G1期；RT-PCR检测结果表明，SAHA作用12h后SMMC-7721细胞中p21WAF1 mRNA的表达即有增加，24h后更为明显。

Based on a systematic field investigation and laboratory experiments, the structures of arthropod communities and the evalution of dominant predatory enemies in cabbage fields of different seasons were studied. The main results were as follows:1 The structures and their dynamics of arthropod communities in cabbage fields1.1 Species composition and population dynamics of each species of the arthropodcommunities in the cabbage fieldsThe research results showed that the occurrence of Pieris rapae in spring cabbage fields was relatively grave.

本文在田间系统调查和室内试验的基础上，对不同季节甘蓝田节肢动物群落结构及捕食性天敌优势种的评价进行了研究，主要结果如下：1甘蓝田节肢动物群落结构及其动态1.1节肢动物群落物种构成和各种群数量动态研究结果表明，春甘蓝田菜青虫的发生比较严重，菜青虫在调查期间种群数量呈上升趋势，5月初高峰期平均每株甘蓝接近20头；菜蚜与小菜蛾的发生相对较轻，菜蚜在5月中旬有个明显高峰。

Considering the bud of Platycarya longipesas basic unit of modular population,the bud population structure of sample trees, which were 8-12 years old and located at different places on slope in karst area in the middle of Guizhou province, was studied.

以圆果化香植株的芽为基本构件单元，对贵州中部喀斯特山地不同坡位上8-12年生植株的芽种群结构进行研究，结果表明：圆果化香芽种群芽总量分配随枝级发生变化，芽数量最多的枝级为树冠中间部位的二级或三级枝，树冠表层的末生枝和紧靠树干的一级枝芽数量较少。

Comparing with control group, CD4~+ T cells of AIDS patient were markedly depleted in gastro-mucosal tissues(P＜0.01), but in presymptomatic patients CD4~+ T cells were not significantly different. CD3~+ T cells, CD8~+ T cells and NK. cells were notably increased (P.01), and they severely infiltrated glands and epitheliums in gastro-mucosal tissues. And the quantity and distribution of CD20~+ B cells between patients and control group were not obviously different.

HIV感染无症状者和AIDS患者胃黏膜活检组织中CD3~+T细胞、CD4~+T细胞、CD8~+T细胞、NK细胞、B细胞的数量及分布：与非HIV感染对照组相比，(1)AIDS患者胃黏膜内CD4~+T细胞显著减少(P＜0.01)，而无症状者与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05)；(2)胃黏膜内CD3~+T细胞、CD8~+T细胞、NK细胞(CD57~+)显著增加(P＜0.01)，并呈现较明显普遍性噬胃黏膜上皮和腺体现象；(3)各组胃黏膜内CD20~+B淋巴细胞的数量分布变化不明显。3。

The difference, relative variation of modular number and mass and their frequency distribution were analyzed between treatments, and within and among structural levels of genet, ramet and tiller in grazing experiment.

在放牧实验中，分别以矮嵩草源株、分株和分蘖层次为单位，对其构件单元的数量和生物量、变异系数、频率分布在处理间的差异和相对变异性进行分析；在模拟放牧实验中，分别就无性系内刈割和未刈割部分从这3个层次上比较了构件数量和生物量在处理间的差异和相对变异性，所得结果如下

TNFα increased the numbers of subepithelial neutrophils (p=0.0021), but not the numbers of eosinophils.

TNFα增加了上皮下嗜中性粒细胞数量（p=0.0021），但嗜酸性粒细胞的数量无明显变化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。