数据

In view of the question for lower repeat improve rate and insufficient interflow and share, the paper present necessity for engineering geology and geography information system to realize the network. Combined the two databases of engineering geology and geography information system the method that how to transmit and interflow the datum through the data interflow center for users is introduced in detail.

针对工程地质信息资源的重复利用率低，数据不能充分交流与共享等工程地质作业中实际存在的问题，提出对工程地质地理信息系统实行网络化的必要性，并结合工程地质地理信息系统的两个数据库，详细介绍了用户是如何通过工程地质数据交流中心进行数据传输与交流的

However, the data interchange of different enterprise is not as same as these, because there isnt a standard for a business industry. The information of the enterprise needs to be translated repetitiously, even be handled again and again. These can cause mistakes and reduce the efficiency of information transferring.

而对于企业之间的数据交换，由于现在国内流通行业还没有一个被广泛接受的统一的数据交换标准，这使得企业之间的数据交换困难重重，企业的业务信息在企业的边界处往往要进行多次变换，甚至是重复的人工处理，降低了企业信息的传递效率，并且在这中间也增加了引入错误的可能性。

Because there isnt a standard for a business industry, the information of a corporation needs to be translated repetitiously, even be inputted again. These can cause mistakes and reduce the efficiency of information transferring.We defined a frame for data interchange of different application in the CHAOPI corporation and realized the integration of the storage information system and the headquarter information system.

而对于企业之间的数据交换，由于现在国内流通行业还没有一个被广泛接受的统一的数据交换标准，这使得企业之间的数据交换困难重重，企业的业务信息在企业的边界处往往要进行多次变换，甚至是重复的人工处理，降低了企业信息的传递效率，并且在这中间也增加了引入错误的可能性。

Complex data form, low signal -noise ratio, bad data repetitiveness, uncertain environment are the inherent characteristic of AE signal, so it is difficult to obtain numerous topic training data.

复杂的数据组成，低信噪比，数据重复性差，环境不确定是声发射信号的固有特征，因此难以获得大量的典型训练数据。

Because RIA transmit the data by file based XML standard. And GIS data is high secret sometimes. So in the representation tier components design, the data security must be considered.

由于RIA技术使用基于XML标准的文件传送数据，而GIS数据具有一定的敏感性，因此，设计表现层构件时需要考虑数据安全。

Then, after reviewing former research, we combine the solution of industry and academy, a new architecture called BWADM based on the researches above is proposed, it is a distributed data mining system based on Web services and Agent in Electronic commerce environment. Web service composition rules and execution of Web service composition are discussed. These modules are introduced detailedly in Electronic commerce environment; there are algorithm management module, control center module, algorithm database module and model representation module. Lastly, a prototype system of distributed data mining is given in Electronic commerce.

在此基础上，结合业界和学术界对Web服务和移动Agent的研究成果，将Web服务和Agent最新技术引入了电子商务环境中分布式数据挖掘，提出了电子商务环境下基于Web服务和移动Agent技术的数据挖掘架构BWADM，并论述了组合服务规范与组合服务的执行，具体阐述了此架构的数据预处理组件、算法管理组件、控制中心组件、算法库组件和模型表示组件。

Collective data collection: Obtaining data from individual group members; data are later aggregated or manipulated into a representation of the group as a whole.

集体数据收集：从小组个体成员处获得数据；这些数据随后被合计或处理，用来代表整个小组。

The algorithm for multi-station is used to the Asia-Pacific links, we get the benefit from this algorithm. 3.Based on different algorithms, we analyze the residual errors, and we research suitable algorithms for different cases.

介绍应用于国内卫星双向比对数据的处理软件，采用不同的算法对比对数据进行，分析了利用不同算法处理数据后的残差和标准差，并研究算法适用性。

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

Finally, communication between interlocking machine and failure-safety intelligent module works as responsion mode and is classified as 2 levels （data preprocessing and CAN card driver）. Some technologies such as data checking and positive-reverse code transmission are adopted in this function in order to obtain data transmission reliability.

联锁机与安全智能I/O模块之间的通信，工作模式采用应答方式，分为数据预处理和CAN智能卡驱动两个通信层次，所采用的数据校验和正反码传输技术可以达到可靠的数据传送，该通信过程具有适应分布式系统控制、系统升级方便、多重安全防护等特点。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。