数学模型

Based on the structural theory of general systems this paper sets forth a general mathematical model of material levels which include atoms molecules and molecular congeries .

微观还原论无法揭示物质涌现性的根源，以及物质结构与性质之间的相互关系，基于一般系统结构理论，建立了物质在原子，原子基团，分子和分子聚集体等层次上的统一的数学模型，即物质系统结构模型，通过对该模型的数学分析，研究了环境与物质结构，物质行为，物质状态之间的相互关系。

The ground stage mathematical model includs aerodynamics and the counterforce from the ground.

从飞行器的力和力矩角度对直升机进行建模，该模型包括地面阶段数学模型和离地阶段数学模型。

The in paper discnssed to mathematical model of quality control for TMP pulp,establishing an set mathematical model for consistency control and interstice control of disc refiner.

通过TMP盘磨机磨浆的大量试验数据，提出并建立了控制磨浆质量的数学模型，即控制磨浆浓度的数学模型和控制盘磨间隙的数学模

There is mutual contradiction between direction estimation of user's signal and power allocation among all users in the beamforming algorithm. A twice game beamforming algorithm based on game theory is proposed to deal with it. Beamforming game algorithm mathematics model is constructed. During the first game, direction of signal and power allocation are mapped the game theory as "player", which are modeled as the problem of maximin function and obtain direction estimation first. Then during the second game, power allocations of different users are described as a multi-user game. Power updated algorithm is designed. The existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium in the twice game beamforming algorithm based on game theory are proved by mathematics derivation.

摘要针对波束成形算法中，用户的信号方向估计值和用户之间的功率分配存在着相互矛盾，本文提出了一种基于博弈论的二次博弈波束成形算法，构建了波束成形博弈算法数学模型，首先在第一次博弈的时候，将波束成形算法中的信号方向和功率分配映射为博弈论数学模型中的"局中人"，将其建模为函数的极大极小值求解问题，先求解出信号方向；然后在第二次博弈的时候，将不同用户的功率分配过程描述为一个多用户的博弈过程，设计了功率分配更新算法，通过数学推导论证了纳什平衡点的存在性和唯一性。

In accordance with these questions, one kind of method solving these issues was put forward in this text, and namely adopting mathematics to build the method of pattern, by w-ay of studying the big needle drum system of PASSIM's cigarette machine, to use the mathematical model of big needle drum system of " black box " method establishment, and uses whole parameter and the correlation coefficient to map out the big needle drum system mathematical model of least square method, the question time lapse that what in accordance with the system exists pure adopts Smith compensator to estimate the compensator in advance solving the issue of system lag, and uses whole fixed method of frequency conversion control engineering and PLC's control engineering and PID etc to put into effect transforming to the system, and finally by way of theory verify and reality to verify to prove the success of system transformation.

针对这些问题，本文提出了一种解决这些问题的办法，即采用数学建模的方法，通过研究PASSIM卷烟机大针鼓系统，利用"黑匣子"方法建立大针鼓系统的数学模型，并运用最小二乘法整定出大针鼓系统数学模型的参数及相关系数，针对系统存在的纯时滞问题，采用史密斯预估计补偿器来解决系统滞后的问题，并利用变频控制技术和PLC控制技术、PID参数整定方法等对系统实施改造，最后通过理论验证和实际验证证明了系统改造的成功。

By using mathematical method, the model is established, and through analyzing the mathematical model, the variable gain and settling time of the AGC circuit are calculated.

采用数学方法建立数学模型，并通过分析数学模型计算出AGC回路的可变增益和稳定时间，设计了相应的电路并分析了AGC回路对流量测量计算过程的影响。

Part two: The establishment of the model on the evaluation system of surgical practice quality for five-year clinical medicine education In this part methods of level analysis and specialist consultation are applied to weigh all the essential evaluation factors; and on the basis of the weighing, fuzzy mathematics overall assessment is used to establish mathematic models, which will also be testified followingly to assure that the comprehensive evaluation method constructed taking these three parts as main contents is scientific, efficient and feasible so that it can be employed to the evaluation of surgical practice quality of five-year clinical medical students.

第二部分：临床医学五年制外科实习质量评价数学模型的构建运用层次分析法，通过专家咨询，确定各评价要素权重；在确定权重的基础上，用模糊数学综合评判法建立数学模型，并对其进行验证，证明由这三部分为主要内容所构成的综合评价方法是科学、有效、可行的，可应用于临床医学五年制外科实习质量的评价。

The mian works are as follows:(1)By coprecipitation technique and coprecipitation- gel technique the nano zirconia powder was produced, factors affecting the properties of nano zirconia powder such as pH and the content of stabilizator are analyzed;(2)By the new pressless sintering process, the nano zirconia ceramic was produced, factors which can affecting the properties of nano zirconia sinter body such as moulding press and the sinter temperature are analyzed;(3)By the microtherm pressless sintering process, the nano copper added functional zirconia ceramic composite was produced, microscopic dimensionality and electric properties of such sinter body and the factors affecting such sinter body are analyzed;(4)By the self-invented "external albumen coating" technique the zirconia powder was successfully coated by carbon in the corresponding sinter body, which can help solve the traditional aggregation problem to some degree;(5)Based on analyze the characteristics in the nano powder sinter process, the "three-ball sinter model" was proposed, for the relationship between the relative density and porosity of sinter body, by mathematical fitting, such model was successfully verified.

本研究比较系统地研究了纳米氧化锆陶瓷的合成与成型机理，特别是讨论了纳米氧化锆陶瓷的稳定性，为防止纳米颗粒在外场作用下的团聚和长大提供了理论基础和实验数据，具体工作有以下几方面：(1)采用共沉淀法和共沉淀-凝胶法制备了纳米氧化锆粉体，并分析了pH值和稳定剂含量对粉体性能的影响；(2)采用新型无压烧结工艺制备了纳米氧化锆陶瓷，并分析了成型压力和烧结温度对烧结体性能的影响；(3)采用低温无压烧结工艺制备出添加纳米铜的功能性纳米氧化锆复合陶瓷，并分析了烧结体的微观尺度和电学性能的变化以及影响因素；(4)通过自创的&鸡蛋清外敷法&在真空镀膜台上对纳米氧化锆粉体进行包敷碳颗粒的表面处理，并采用真空烧结工艺制得相应烧结体，初步开始解决陶瓷烧结过程中团聚长大这一传统难题；(5)通过分析纳米颗粒在制备烧结体过程中的实际特点，提出了&三球烧结数学模型&，通过引入坯体相对密度和孔隙率的相对关系分析并通过自行编写的数学拟合软件，验证了这一数学模型。

In this paper, borrowing ideas from the research method of the spontaneous combustion mathematical model of goaf, applying to the hydrodynamic theory of porous medium, the spontaneous combustion mathematical model of coal gangue dump is set up.

本文借鉴了采空区自然发火数学模型的研究方法，以多孔介质流体动力学理论为指导，建立了煤矸石山自然发火数学模型，从数学上描述了矸石山自燃的动态演变过程，为自燃矸石山的防治措施提供了理论依据。

In this paper, borrowing ideas from the research method of the spontaneous combustion mathematical model of goaf, applying to the hydrodynamic theory of porous medium, the spontaneous combustion mathematical model of coal gangue dump is set up. From the mathematics, the dynamic evolvement process is described for the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue dump.

本文借鉴了采空区自然发火数学模型的研究方法，以多孔介质流体动力学理论为指导，建立了煤矸石山自然发火数学模型，从数学上描述了矸石山自燃的动态演变过程，为自燃矸石山的防治措施提供了理论依据。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。