数学处理

Non—planeness measurement ; data processing ; error ; mathematical model ; optimization method ; constraint

不平度测量；数据处理；误差；数学模型；最优化方法；约束

By analyzing the strange behaviors of massless integrations in dimensional regularisation, It was proposed that for a special kind integration, which is sero mathmatically, should not be simply treated as sero physically, as a fact it is the difference of the same magnitude ultraviolet divergence and infrared divergence.

通过研究维数正规化中的无质量积分的奇妙特性，本文指出对一种特殊类型的动量积分，从数学上看DR给出的结果为零，但物理上不能把结果简单处理为零，而是反映了大小相等的紫外和红外发散之差。

A correction method for beam hardening, involving simple operations of the original polychrornatic projection sinogram, was presented based on the analysis of three physics properties implied by beam hardening. Its correction principle was deduced mathematically. A noise reduction method was proposed to suppress the noise enlarged by the harden correction by processing the high-frequency and the low-frequency components in the projection sinogram respectively.

在分析射束硬化现象具有的3个物理属性基础上，提出了一种对原始多色投影正弦图进行操作的硬化校正方法，并从数学上证明了其校正原理，针对该方法带来的噪声放大问题，研究了一种基于高、低频信息分类处理的噪声抑制方法。

Mathematical morphology is a generaltool for image processing and analysis and its algorithm belongs to parallel systems,sothis thesis studies mainly the theory on the image processing algorithms in mathematicalmorphology.

数学形态学本质上是并行的，便于用并行处理有效实现。

In this paper, the theoretical expression of addition pointing error based on an optical path is derived and the effect of the misalignment of the spheric centers on inside and outside surfaces on the pointing accuracy of a sight axis is analyzed.

本文根据光路图推导出了产生这种误差的数学表达式，分析了内外球心偏离对视轴指向精度的影响，进行了相关实验并对实验数据进行处理。

The last but not the least is that the paper accumulates modeling experience which is helpful to the study of intelligent control of water treatment system.lt is a stepstone to deepen the research on consequent feed-back control on-line of the oxidation ditch system .

本论文同时为水处理系统智能化反馈控制研究积累了经验，以此为基础仍以ANNs为数学工具可进一步展开氧化沟系统的后续反馈控制研究。

Therefore, it can be regarded as a great improvement of the investment decision-making theory and methods .This article makes a systematic research on real options theory and method and its application, including the following several main aspects:Firstly, it makes a detailed discussion about the common theoretical basis of financial options and real options, including no-arbitrage equilibrium principle, risk-neutral definition, complete market and dynamic tracking.Secondly, it analyze three basic characteristic of investment decision-making in modern market economic system: irreversibility, uncertainty and flexibility, and from the angle of their mutual quantitative and qualitative interactions, it makes a comparison between the traditional NPV methods and real options methods and makes a summary of the general analytical methods of real options.Thirdly, it discusses the all elements in the application of real options such as the ^leakages in value of real assets, basis risk, and private risk, and furthermore, it attempts to put forth a normalized strategy of its application and construct a basic framework of its application.Fourthly, it applies real options theory to strategetic investment of enterprises and the buy-out of company, putting forth a value model for strategetic investment program and making a concrete analysis of its application to buy-out. Furthermore, it advocates that a flexible investment decision-making system should be setup according to real options theory in our country.

本文对实物期权理论和方法及其应用进行了系统研究，主要内容包括如下几个方面：(1)详细讨论了金融期权和实物期权共同的理论基础，主要包括无套利均衡原理、风险中性定义、完全市场以及动态复制方法，对这些理论方法的探讨既是本文的出发点和基础，它们提供了研究实际应用实物期权的一个基准点，也是贯穿全文的线索和灵魂；(2)分析了现代市场经济体系中投资决策的三个基本特征即不可逆性、不确定性和时机选择，并从它们数量上和质量上相互作用的重要意义的角度，分析了传统的净现值法与实物期权方法的差异，指出了净现值法在不确定环境中存在的缺陷及实物期权处理投资灵活性的价值，并将净现值法纳入实物期权投资分析决策体系当中，总结了企业投资决策实物期权的一般分析方法；(3)探讨了实物期权应用中要考虑的各种要素，如实物资产的价值漏损、基差风险和非市场风险等，并进一步提出了实物期权应用的规范化策略和构建了一个实际应用实物期权方法的基本框架，尝试将期权的基本原理与企业在现实经济环境中投资决策的要素结合起来，从而可以在一定程度上超越期权的复杂的数学计算而汲取期权思想的精华，从而促进期权决策方法在实际投资决策中的应用；(4)将实物期权方法应用于企业战略投资，得出了战略投资项目的价值模型，指出可以将实物期权理论和方法应用于企业并购，分析了应用的具体方面，并提出应根据实物期权理论建立一套适合我国企业的灵活的投资决策系统。

Firstly, the pretreatment of character to be recognized is researched, stressed discussing the subdivisional process of character, and a kind of fast shape preserving morphological thinning algorithm is used. In the following, how to construct the structure model on the basis of characteristic point sub-stroke and their interrelation is discussed, and a kind of method that describe sub-stroke through the feature of the sequence of curvature is brought forward. Finally, the paper adopts the recognising model of printing number that base on repository, and describes the constructing method of repository.

文中首先对待识别字符的预处理进行了研究，着重探讨了字符的细化过程，采用了一种基于数学形态学的保形的快速细化算法；接着探讨了如何以特征点和子笔段及其相互关系为基础构造结构模型，提出了一种以曲率序列性质描述子笔段的方法：最后采用了以知识库为基础的印刷体数字识别模型，并详细地描述了知识库的构造方法。

Therefore take the example of Qingdao, adopt the technology of remote sensing, geographical information system and global position system, employ mathematics models to study its changes of land use and land cover and make an analysis on the human driving forces which have formed the present pattern of land use and land cover and caused the pattern changes of land use and land cover. The aim of the study above is to help people understand and deal with the relation between economic development and tillable land protection, thus harmonize the tillable land protection with economic development and population development in the future.

选择青岛市作为山东省典型例子，采用遥感、地理信息技术和全球定位技术，利用数学模型来定量研究区域土地利用／土地覆被的时空变化，同时还对土地利用格局及土地利用格局变化的驱动因素进行了分析，以便正确认识和处理经济发展与耕地保护的关系，耕地保护与未来经济发展以及人口增长协调发展。

This paper expounds logical method and historical method are mutual infi-ltration,mutual supplement and mutual transformance in mathematics.

逻辑与历史统一的方法，就是在数学研究中辩证处理逻辑方法和历史方法之间的相互关系。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。