数学基础

Based on the study and inheritance of the domestic and overseas achievement in the related field, this thesis makes research into the theory and application: On theory, this thesis puts forward the concepts of Engineering Cost, Engineering Cost Management and Engineering Cost Estimation, analyzes the relation between them; And it introduces the factors which influence the engineering cost estimation, then puts forward the study of the methods; It particularizes the common methods of estimating the engineering cost, introduces the principle, the operation and the application condition, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method; By introducing the mention, the principle, the reasoning process and the comparison with the traditional reasoning mechanisms, it makes out the essence of this method, and views it as a whole.

本文在研究、继承已有国内外研究成果的基础上，在理论和应用方面都进行了研究：理论方面，提出了工程造价、工程造价管理、工程造价估算的概念，分析之间的相互关联；介绍工程造价估算的影响因素，提出对编制方法的探讨；列举出目前常用的工程造价估算方法，介绍各种方法的原理、使用方法及应用条件，分析各自的优缺点；通过介绍基于案例推理的提出、基本原理、推理过程和与传统推理机制的比较，剖析该方法的精髓，对其有了整体把握。应用方面，基于对研究对象的深刻理解，分析了工程造价估算问题和基于案例推理二者结合的必要性和可行性；建立了基于案例推理的工程造价估算系统，综合运用模糊数学、灰色理论、运筹学等知识，构造了系统算法；并运用上述理论和方法进行了实例分析，实现了基于案例推理的工程造价估算问题的初步研究，使得运用基于案例推理方法解决工程造价估算问题的设想得到了肯定。

On the basis of succeeding our predeceases' scientific experience in moral teaching, this research report, through repeated discussions and practice, expounds the content and requirement of the moral enlightment education in maths teaching in primary schools and establishes the modals for classroom teaching so as to cultivate pupils' moral quality, moral ability and moral kehavior.

在继承前人学科教学实施道德教育的基础上，通过研讨和实践，明确小学数学教学中道德启蒙教育的内容及要求，构建课堂教学模式，从而达到促进培养小学生道德品质、道德能力、道德行为习惯的目的。

On the basis of design of a new type bilateral excitation electromagnetic vibrating head, a simplified mathematic model was set up through predigesting electromagnetic field to electromagnetic route method, and motion function of the system was also obtained based on variational theory and non-conservative system Lagrange function.

在设计了一种新型的双边激励的电磁式振动头的基础上，采用将磁场简化为磁路进行分析计算的方法建立振动头的简化数学模型，并根据变分原理及非保守系统拉格朗日方程得出系统的运动方程。

The author studied some cases which are derived from the junior middle school and primary school, and talked with teachers, then analyzed the causes. The reasons are mainly that (1) there are still questions in value orientation to the instructional objectives. And teachers overly regard behavior objective but turn a blind eye to generation objective.(2) during presupposing instructional objectives, many problems are excessively consider in the view point of mathematical course, and teachers nearly think how students can accept easily.

本文在对一些案例(这些案例均来自于初中和小学)进行研究并对教师进行访谈的基础上分析了其中的原因，主要是：①教师在对教学目标的价值取向上存在着问题，过于重视行为目标，而对生成性目标去视而不见；②在预设教学目标时，过多地从数学学科的角度考虑问题，很少从学生的角度想应该怎样能让学生更容易接受。

Firstly we discuss the meanings, content and the principals of the evaluation of credit, and exert the credit theory of MAX to the evaluation of credit to get the contents for the evaluation of credit in theory. Then through analyzing the present system of credit evaluation in the civil and overseas countries, and through using the credit evaluating system of overseas risky venture, on the side of the creditor, we device the credit evaluating system into such six aspects as the character of the enterprises, the capacity of paying back, the capacity of payoff , the capacity of operating, the capacity of innovating and the capacity of pullulating. Finally we use the method of AHP and dim mathematics to demonstrate the feasibility of the system that is formed in the fifth part.

本文首先通过对资信评估的内涵、内容及原则进行探讨，并在理论上运用马克思信贷资金循环理论对企业资信评估应考虑的因素进行理论分析，在对国内外资信评估指标体系分析研究的基础上，创造性地联系到国外风险投资机构的评估指标体系对高科技企业资信评估指标体系的借鉴意义，选取债权人的角度，从企业素质、偿债能力、盈利能力、营运能力、创新能力和成长能力六个方面设计了高科技企业资信评估指标体系，并选取层次分析法和模糊数学综合评判法来综合评判高科技企业的资信等级。

During the motion process, the stagnation and back commutation occur and worsen the performances of circuit breaker. According to the real interruption process, a three-dimensional(3-D) model of arc motion under the effect of external magnetic field is built based on magnetohydrodynamic, which can predict the restriking phenomena. With air vents opened to 60%, the restriking phenomena occur under 3mT magnetic field; when the magnetic field is increased to 5mT, the restriking phenomena disappears.

该文以磁流体动力学为基础建立了三维空气电弧等离子体在外部磁场作用下运动的数学模型，此模型可以预测电弧的重击穿现象，并发现当灭弧室的出口面积为60%时，电弧在3mT磁场的作用下运动时出现了重击穿现象，而当磁场增大到5mT时重击穿现象消失。

Santa rummages in his sack of investments, says "ho ho ho, have I got a surprise for you" and picks the stock from our portfolio that we think is most likely to perform over the next year.

Gann，1878-1955，是美国证券、期货业传奇式的投资家，纵横投机市场达45年，用自己创造的以数学及几何理论作为基础的买卖方法，总共赚取了5，000多万美元，相当於现在的5亿多美元。

The numerical model is tested by computing wave field for several experiment terrain, and agreement between model results and available experimental data is found to be quite reasonable, which demonstrates the model's ability to simulate wave shoaling, refraction, diffraction and reflection et etc.

因此，文中在前人关于Boussinesq方程波浪数学模型研究的基础上，从质量守恒方程和Euler方程出发，推导了正交曲线坐标系下的改进型Boussinesq方程，进而建立正交曲线坐标系下的二

The parabolic equation can treat large angle incident waves and includes the wave energy loss with Bretchneider—Reid formula which has been verified by lots of indoor and field data, Its numerical model can simulate wave shoaling、refraction、small angle diffraction and bottom friction, and can be aplied to study the wave filed from open sea to shore area.

在抛物型缓坡方程波浪数学模型的建立过程中，采用适用于较大角度传播的基本方程，同时这一模型引入建立在较多实验和实测资料基础上的Bretchnei-der—Reid公式，较好地考虑了底摩损耗问题。该模型可同时考虑波浪的浅水变形、折射和小角度绕射，适用于大范围波浪场的推算。

The factors that affect the sample stacking process have been analyzed in detail by using a 1-D mathematic model.

本文在已有数学模型的基础上，对影响毛细管电堆积富集过程的因素进行了分析。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。