数学基础

It is the study of the use of spherical coordinates to determine how the objects projected on the celestial sphere depending on the location, and study these changes depending on location laws and causes, offered to time depending on location of celestial calculation of parameters of the basis and method, as all the astronomical observations necessary for the basics, the main means of spherical trigonometry math and matrix operations.

它所研究的是怎样利用球面坐标确定天体投影在天球上的视位置，并研究这些视位置变化的规律和产生原因，提出以时间为参数的计算天体视位置的依据和方法，成为一切天文观测所必需的基础知识，主要的数学手段是球面三角学和矩阵运算。

She enjoyed riding horses, gardening, sewing, playing the spinet and dancing. Her father saw that she received a fair education in basic mathematics, reading and writing……something girls primarily did not receive at the time.

的父亲使她在基础数学、阅读和写作方面受到了良好的教育，而这些教育对当时社会的女孩们来说基本上是不可能得到的。

In the basis of the built model, static and dynamic characteristic is analyzed.

在建立的数学模型基础上对蒸汽发生器进行了稳态和动态仿真计算。

Through the analysis I have established its static state mathematic model and dynamic state mathematic model.

在此基础上，分析建立了柴油机调速系统的动态数学模型。

After a brief summary of the research developments in particle average collision kernel model, correlated mathematic models and numerical simulation algorithms, direct numerical simulations were conducted to study particle collisions in a stationary isotropic homogeneous turbulent flow, with the aim to investigate the influence of turbulence on particle collision kernels of various finite-inertia particles.

本文在系统总结有关颗粒平均碰撞核函数的研究进展和相关数学模型的基础上，基于高效的后溯法来检测碰撞，首先对Reλ约为51均匀各向同性湍流内St_k (St_k=τ_p/τ_k)为0到10的有限惯性颗粒的碰撞行为进行了直接数值模拟，研究了湍流对有限惯性颗粒碰撞的影响。

The PID parameter tuning of non-linear control system is set as the engineering background. The aim is the optimal design of PID parameter. On the basis of the design and research of the advanced PID parameter tuning, the mathematical model-transfer functionis developed through correlation analysis on statistical method.And with the optimization algorithm under constraint condition, the non-linear, Isqnonlin is set as object function. Then with connection of the non-linear constrain optimization algorithm and simulink technique, a set of adjust parameters which fit the performance index of the control system are found. And optimization design process and steps are provided.

本文以非线性控制系统PID参数整定为工程背景，以PID参数的优化设计为目标，在分析和研究国内外PID参数先进整定方法的基础上，运用相关分析实验统计方法建立对象的数学模型——传递函数，把PID参数设计问题转化为一种非线性优化设计问题，借助于约束条件下的优化算法，以非线性最小平方指标为目标函数，将非线性约束优化算法同Simulink仿真技术相结合，找出符合控制系统品质指标的一组调节参数。

Based on some basic hypothesis, the mathematic expressions of superheated steam heating area and heating radius are presented.

在一定假设的基础上，理论推导出了过热蒸汽带面积、加热带半径等的数学表达式。

Besides using maturer formulas,new formula that is used to calculate pump intake pressures for ELPO is presented through the loads of point of support and Goodman stress diagram.

本文在总结国内外现有节点分析技术的基础上，建立了特低渗油田抽油井节点分析的数学模型，除应用比较成熟的计算公式外，还通过悬点负荷及古德曼应力图提出了适合特低渗油田抽油井泵口压力计算的新公式。

The first part of this paper is to set up a novel mathematical model describing expression and regulation of trp operon, in which not only the effects of repression and attenuation on transcription are taken into consideration, but the interaction between repression gene and structural gene as well as the transportation of tryptophan across cell membrane are also considered.

论文第一部分主要在已有的色氨酸操纵子模型基础上，建立了一个新的用于描述色氨酸操纵子动态行为的数学模型，它不仅考虑了阻遏、弱化以及反馈抑制作用对转录的影响，而且考虑了表达阻遏蛋白的基因和表达关键酶的基因之间的相互作用和影响，以及色氨酸外排的影响。

This paper gave the detailed reviews on previousresearch results on subdrainage home and abroad,studied the effect and mecha-nism of subdrainage facilities on drainage,waterlogging reduction,salt removeas well as nitrogen fertilizer application under subdrainage conditions by use oflysimeter experiments and field trials.Numerical modelling on water movementin heterogeneons multilayered soils as well as the optimization layout of spacingsand depths of PVC subdrain was also investigated in this paper by numerical sim-ulations.

本文在论述国内外暗管排水研究进展的基础上，采用蒸渗仪控制试验，田间试验和数学模型数值计算相结合的方法，对塑料暗管的排水、降渍、除盐效果及其机理和塑料暗管排降条件下小麦的N肥运筹进行了深入研究，并对排降条件下试区非均质分层土壤水分运动的数值模拟和塑料暗管埋深和间距的经济优化布局模式进行了探讨。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。