数学基础

Three aspects have been studied theoretically in this paper which were based on an analysis of a compliant multleaf journal self-acting air bearing, which are as follows:(1) A set of theoretical analysis method which include the development of .physical and mathematical model, the solution of governing equations and theprediction of static and dynamic performance of the foil gas bearing is proposed.

本文在分析悬臂型弹性箔片径向动压气体轴承工作原理的基础上，做了以下几个方面的工作：(1)建立了悬臂型弹性箔片径向动压气体轴承的物理和数学模型，确立并求解了控制方程，得到了静、动态性能的稳定性分析方法，为数值分析悬臂型弹性箔片径向动压气体轴承奠定了基础。

Secondly, the author has set up the Factor Set, Factor Weight Set, Evaluation Set and Evaluation Matrix based on the Fuzzy Mathematics, therefore the quantification of expert's experiences is solved. Following the example of product design procedure consisting of designing, collating and checking, the Two-stage Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation has been established in order to supply the evaluating method of design quality for drawing die-face. After two times of eligible analysis above, the synthetic optimizing design of geometry, material and process can be done with simulation.

以模糊数学为基础，通过确定影响覆盖件拉延模型面设计的因素集、因素权重集、备择集和评判矩阵，解决了专家设计经验知识的量化问题，并建立二级模糊综合评判方法，据此设计、校对、审核等技术人员可以共同对拉延模型面设计质量进行优劣评判和修改；在前面二次分析合格的基础上，利用有限元仿真技术进行几何、材料、工艺多因素综合的优化设计。

Therefore, it can be regarded as a great improvement of the investment decision-making theory and methods .This article makes a systematic research on real options theory and method and its application, including the following several main aspects:Firstly, it makes a detailed discussion about the common theoretical basis of financial options and real options, including no-arbitrage equilibrium principle, risk-neutral definition, complete market and dynamic tracking.Secondly, it analyze three basic characteristic of investment decision-making in modern market economic system: irreversibility, uncertainty and flexibility, and from the angle of their mutual quantitative and qualitative interactions, it makes a comparison between the traditional NPV methods and real options methods and makes a summary of the general analytical methods of real options.Thirdly, it discusses the all elements in the application of real options such as the ^leakages in value of real assets, basis risk, and private risk, and furthermore, it attempts to put forth a normalized strategy of its application and construct a basic framework of its application.Fourthly, it applies real options theory to strategetic investment of enterprises and the buy-out of company, putting forth a value model for strategetic investment program and making a concrete analysis of its application to buy-out. Furthermore, it advocates that a flexible investment decision-making system should be setup according to real options theory in our country.

本文对实物期权理论和方法及其应用进行了系统研究，主要内容包括如下几个方面：(1)详细讨论了金融期权和实物期权共同的理论基础，主要包括无套利均衡原理、风险中性定义、完全市场以及动态复制方法，对这些理论方法的探讨既是本文的出发点和基础，它们提供了研究实际应用实物期权的一个基准点，也是贯穿全文的线索和灵魂；(2)分析了现代市场经济体系中投资决策的三个基本特征即不可逆性、不确定性和时机选择，并从它们数量上和质量上相互作用的重要意义的角度，分析了传统的净现值法与实物期权方法的差异，指出了净现值法在不确定环境中存在的缺陷及实物期权处理投资灵活性的价值，并将净现值法纳入实物期权投资分析决策体系当中，总结了企业投资决策实物期权的一般分析方法；(3)探讨了实物期权应用中要考虑的各种要素，如实物资产的价值漏损、基差风险和非市场风险等，并进一步提出了实物期权应用的规范化策略和构建了一个实际应用实物期权方法的基本框架，尝试将期权的基本原理与企业在现实经济环境中投资决策的要素结合起来，从而可以在一定程度上超越期权的复杂的数学计算而汲取期权思想的精华，从而促进期权决策方法在实际投资决策中的应用；(4)将实物期权方法应用于企业战略投资，得出了战略投资项目的价值模型，指出可以将实物期权理论和方法应用于企业并购，分析了应用的具体方面，并提出应根据实物期权理论建立一套适合我国企业的灵活的投资决策系统。

Firstly, the pretreatment of character to be recognized is researched, stressed discussing the subdivisional process of character, and a kind of fast shape preserving morphological thinning algorithm is used. In the following, how to construct the structure model on the basis of characteristic point sub-stroke and their interrelation is discussed, and a kind of method that describe sub-stroke through the feature of the sequence of curvature is brought forward. Finally, the paper adopts the recognising model of printing number that base on repository, and describes the constructing method of repository.

文中首先对待识别字符的预处理进行了研究，着重探讨了字符的细化过程，采用了一种基于数学形态学的保形的快速细化算法；接着探讨了如何以特征点和子笔段及其相互关系为基础构造结构模型，提出了一种以曲率序列性质描述子笔段的方法：最后采用了以知识库为基础的印刷体数字识别模型，并详细地描述了知识库的构造方法。

So, a refined model was developed,to make the network topologic structure to be separated from the data physically but to be linked with each other logically.

交通网络的数学模型作为公路网络或者城市道路网络分析的基础，已有比较成熟的研究基础。

On the basis of two-film theory, the mass transfer rate equation of SO2 of the ammonia desulphurization process was studied and the mathematical model of ammonia desulphurization in packed column was established to predict the absorption of SO2 from flue gas.

在双膜理论的基础上，通过对氨法脱硫化学反应过程的分析，研究了氨法脱硫过程中SO2的传质速率方程，并在此基础上建立了填料塔氨法脱硫的数学模型。

Based on the analysis of physics course of heat transfer, the mathematical model of single-phase flow in the rectangular narrow channel is proposed. And the boundary conditions are given to get the unique numerical result. The finite volume method is used to found the discrete scheme of equations. According to the flow of SIMPLER arithmetic, the computing program is developed and the correctness of program is validated.Then the program is used to solve the problem of flow and heat transfer in rectangular narrow channel.The stable two dimension velocity and temperature fields in rectangular narrow channel and plate fuel are obtained.

在明确窄缝流道及燃料板换热物理过程的基础上，建立了描述矩形窄缝内单相流动与换热问题的数学模型，并给出了合理的边值条件；然后利用有限容积法对方程进行离散，根据SIMPLER算法的流程编制了模型求解程序；在验证程序正确性的基础上，对矩形窄缝流动与换热问题进行了求解，得到了矩形窄缝流道和板状燃料元件内部温度场、速度场的二维分布。

On the basis of the theory of stretch distortion,according to the reality facts,with the geometrical figuration method,this paper affords the mathematical modules about the structural parameters,the dynamic parameters,the positional parameters,the mechanical parameters and the technical parameters of coil box,and programs a design software system .

本文在弹塑性弯曲变形理论的基础上，从实际情况入手，借助几何成形的方法，提出了计算热卷箱结构参数、运动参数、位置参数、力能参数和工艺参数的数学模型，并在此基础上编制了一套完整的热卷箱设计的计算机软件系统。

Applying the theories of thermodynamics and mechanics, the working process of basicAPE--single-stage expansion, is analyzed and its related mathematicmodel is built up. The simulation methods based on this model are discussed, which is the preparation for the later research work.Chapter 3: The working characteristics of the single-stage expansion engine are researched on by the simulation.

运用热力学和力学理论对最基础的气动发动机——单级膨胀气动发动机的工作过程进行了研究分析，建立了相应的数学模型，讨论了应用该模型对气动发动机进行理论分析的仿真计算方法，浙江大学博士学位论文：气动发动机探索性研究为后续理论研究打下基础。

In this paper, a novel control strategy which contains a simple and practical fuzzy proportional derivative unit combined with an integral unit and an acceleration damping unit was developed. This configuration preserves the linear structure of the conventional state feedback controller, but has variable gains: the proportional and derivative gains are nonlinear functions of their input signals, which have self-tuning capabilities using human experience and knowledge.

本文在简要分析系统数学模型的基础上首先给出了传统的状态反馈控制器的设计方法，并在此基础上，提出了一种非线性模糊PD控制器结合线性加速度阻尼环节和线性积分环节的混合控制器。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。