数学基础

Basic Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, Engineering Drawing, Higher Mathematics and Computer Culture Foundation are the precourse for this course.

该课程的先行课是机械设计基础、高等数学、工程制图、计算机文化基础。为以后从事工程技术工作打下基础。

The thesis can be divided into five parts as follows: First, the structural characteristics of finned-pipe evaporator are analyzed. After selecting suitable microelement controller, the heat-transfer and mass-transfer processes are analyzed for every microelement under the conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness. Based on previous equations, some parameters of frostiness are confirmed and the frost-growing model is set up under frost condition. Some hypotheses are postulated and with the help of the equation of mass-conservation, energy-conservation and momentum-conservation, the evaporation model which fits in the dynamic simulation is built, which set a solid foundation for system simulation. Second, the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model, which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system. Third, the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory, which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet-parameter on evaporator. Fourth, the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed, which can be applied to calculate thernio-parameter of cryogen, air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions, and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness, at the same time, to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping.

本文的主要内容如下：1对翅片管蒸发器结构特点进行分析，选取适当的微元控制体，就干、湿和霜工况下对每个微元分别进行传热传质分析，基于经验关系式确定霜的有关参数，对于霜工况下的霜生长建立模型，经适当假设，运用质量守恒、能量守恒和动量守恒方程建立适合动态仿真的蒸发器数学模型，为系统仿真奠定基础； 2对蒸发在大扰动下的开、停机过程，运用动态集中参数模型进行分析和计算，为更好地描述制冷系统运行的全过程奠定基础，同时也为制冷系统实现自动控制提供一定的理论基础； 3对蒸发器正常运行过程，运用动态分布参数和参数间定量耦合的观点来分析和计算，为更好地了解稳态工况下各点参数的变化情况及各入口参数对蒸发器动态特性的影响即蒸发器性能对各参数变化的敏感性； 4编写翅片管蒸发器动态特性仿真计算程序，可以计算不同边界条件和初始条件下的制冷剂热力参数、空气温湿度和霜厚度分布场，实现对翅片管蒸发器在干、湿和霜工况下的动态仿真。

In this paper, mathematical analysis, linear algebra is more material as the foundation, on the basis of previous studies, will solve a number of the function extreme value methods, such as distribution method, elimination method, the discriminant method, mean inequality method, the geometric method, vector method and derivative method, and so to summarize, and on this basis is given for each method the corresponding examples to illustrate for readers to reference and understanding.

本文以数学分析、线性代数更教材为基础，在前人研究的基础上，将求解函数极值的若干方法，如配方法、消元法、判别式法、均值不等式法、几何法、向量法和导数法等等进行归纳总结，并在此基础上针对每一种方法给出相应的例子加以说明，以便读者参考和理解。

On this basis, according to historical data, apply ANN and differential simulation method to get the quantitatively correlative relations between each production and its own influence factors, and introduce the new methods of prediction for dynamic indexes with gas-field development (The combinatorial prediction method based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the method of ANN to select optimally combinatorial prediction models and the ANN prediction method based on genetic algorithm).(2) Base on mathematical programming, combine with quantitative economics and techno-economics, introduce economical indexes to establish production"s distribution optimal model, production"s constitution optimal model and measured production"s constitution optimal model, including multi-objective models and five-years models. Upon this, the optimal project for all gas field and each gas-collected factory can be got. Also, introduce the time value of capitals to improve on these models.(3) Base on the optimal solution theory and algorithm theory for the nonlinear programming problem, introduce the SUMT algorithm and genetic algorithm to study how to solve the models, and on the basis of normal genetic algorithm, make use of auto-adaptively modulating method to improve on normal genetic algorithm; Base on algorithm"s convergence theory and calculation"s complexity theory to analyze seriatim SUMT algorithm"s convergence and genetic algorithms convergence, and compare performance with each other.

在此基础上，利用神经网络方法和微分模拟方法根据历史数据得到各分项产量与其影响因素之间的定量关联关系，并引入气田开发动态指标新的预测方法(基于模糊综合评判的组合预测方法、神经网络优选组合预测模型预测方法以及基于遗传优化的神经网络预测方法)；(2)以数学规划为基础，结合数量经济学和技术经济学，引入经济指标建立产量分配优化模型、产量构成优化模型、措施产量构成优化模型、气田开发多目标规划模型以及五年规划模型，进而获得全气田及各采气厂的最优方案，并引入资金时间价值对五年规划模型进行改进；(3)以非线性规划问题的最优解及算法理论为基础，引入SUMT算法以及遗传算法对模型的求解进行研究，并在原有的遗传算法基础上，引入自适应调整方法对遗传算法进行改进；以算法的收敛性理论和计算复杂性理论为基础，逐一分析SUMT算法以及遗传算法的收敛性，并比较三种算法的优劣性。

The acquirability of the data is the condition for applying it. With a mathematic index system of business analysis based on multi-criteria evaluation,the modle of designing business analysis GIS data base is drawn out involving multi-criteria evaluation,establishing indexes,standardizing and diffusing index value. The paper finds the feasibility of applying the business analysis GIS data base in to Xuzhou City.

基于GIS多准则评价法对商业分析活动进行数学抽象，建立基础数据指标体系，对指标值标准化、指标值空间扩散方法以及商业分析的算法流程进行研究，形成了构建商业分析GIS基础数据平台的模式，以徐州市商业分析GIS基础数据平台的构建为例，实证该模式的可行性。

It introduces a kind of novel loading test system, based on the operation principle of damper. this loading system is operated by the driving motor. it realizes the loading, in that the damper has a negative drive force that puts on the motor. Based on the ordinary electromagnetic damper, the thesis presents a novel hybrid excitation electromagnetic damper which has adjustable work characteristic, analyses the working principle and structural feature of the electromagnetic damper, deduces the formulas to calculate the eddy current density through the Electromagnetic theory, analyses the distribution of the eddy current in the cotyloid rotor, and also studies the method of calculating the damp torque, establishes the mathematical model of the electromagnetic damper, analyses the relationship between the electromagnetic damper structural parameter and damp torque, researches the engineering design and analysis method of the electromagnetic damper, provides theory foundation for the design and analysis of the electromagnetic damper, contrives a hybrid excitation electromagnetic damper that satisfies the target request, designs a set of compound excitation electromagnetic damping loading control system whose control core is AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuit, analyses the electric circuit part, and carries on the experimental test to this set of electric circuits. Finally it debugs this electromagnetic damping loading system, this system satisfies the target request proposed.

论文提出了一个全新的加载测试系统种类，该加载系统是在阻尼器工作原理基础上，利用电动机拖动阻尼器运转，从而阻尼器产生一个与运动方向相反的阻尼力矩，该力矩作用在电动机上实现对电动机加载测试；同时，论文在一般电磁阻尼器基础上提出了一种新型的可调式复合励磁电磁阻尼器结构，该种阻尼器的工作特性在一定范围内可进行调节；论文分析了电磁阻尼器的工作原理和结构特点，运用电磁场理论分析推导了电磁阻尼器的涡电流密度公式，分析了涡电流在转子杯内的分布图，并对阻尼力矩计算方法进行了研究，建立了电磁阻尼器的数学模型，分析了电磁阻尼器结构参数和阻尼力矩之间的关系，对电磁阻尼器的设计和分析方法进行了研究，为电磁阻尼器的工程设计建立了理论基础；设计了满足技术指标要求的复合励磁电磁阻尼器和一套以AT89C51单片机为控制核心的复合励磁电磁阻尼加载控制系统，对该控制系统硬件电路各部分进行了分析和设计，对软件进行了设计，并对控制电路进行了试验调试，该系统满足所提出的加载指标要求。

Data pre-processing technologies such as singular points elimination, registration and radius compensation are studied. Base on chord high difference algorithm, a new one called chord high difference-ratio algorithm is proposed to improve veracity and robusticity of singular points elimination. Then, a registration algorithm based on local surface reconstruction is proposed, which avoids infaust influence coming from single reference point error.

在弦高差法的基础上，提出了全新的弦高差—比法，提高了异常点剔除的准确性和柔韧性；提出了一种基于局部图形重构的重定位方法，该方法通过对特征球的最小二乘拟合，消除了单一参考点的精度对重定位的影响；在此基础上对重定位的误差进行了详细的分析，给出了精确的误差值，从数学的角度保证了重定位的精度；在三角网格法的基础上提出了基于Delaunay三角剖分的半径补偿新方法，有效改善了补偿矢量的计算效率和准确性。

In accord with the new fundamental attitude , the mathematical itself just constitutes the new way of concerning the being ,i.e., the way of the thought of objectifying calculation.

现代科学和现代形而上学的共同根源和一体性思维方式均来自数学因素。数学因素不但奠定了现代人们的思想基础，而且世界的图像也成为数学的图像。

Based on the translation of Liber Abaci from English to Chinese, and studying the large number of material, this dissertation is mainly intended to comprehensively analyze the contents, explore the algorithm, summarize the methods and thinking of mathematics from Fibonacci.This paper is composed of eight chapters.

本论文在完成《计算之书》英译本(2002年出版)汉语翻译的基础上，通过对《计算之书》以及相关中外文献的研读，全面分析了《计算之书》中的数学内容，对言辞模糊、表达不明的算题、算法进行深入算理分析，就其中重要的数学方法进行了认真的梳理和概括，并对《计算之书》中的数学思想、算法源流进行了初步探讨。

According to the aspect of collections of the history data, towards the collection or searching instance of the similar typical construction relevant to the pre-estimate construction, the prediction mode can be established in separate way against the ration valuation mode. The prediction-mode formed with fuzzy can be used to issue the cost of pre-construction based on adjoined degree of the typical construction and the proposed-construction. This adjoin degree is established in the engineering characterization list of elements which is established beforehand. With reference to

对于以定额计价模式为主的报价资料预测拟建工程造价的，可采用以模糊数学建立的预测模型，以事先建立的工程特征元素表确定典型工程与拟建工程之间的贴近度，利用预测模型对拟建工程进行报价；对于以工程量清单为主的报价资料拟建工程造价的，可采用以灰色理论为基础的数学工具，以灰色关联度确定工程间贴近程度，结合模糊数学建立的预测模型并利用灰色理论建立相关的预测模型对拟建工程进行报价。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。