数学基础

Mathematics concept is the basic point of mathematics content, the start point of lending theorem or rule, and the key point of setting up the theory system.

数学概念是数学内容的基本点，是逻辑导出定理、公式、法则的出发点，是建立理论系统的着眼点；同时，它又是学生认知的基础，是学生进行数学思维的起点。

Amused student has maths good mathematical faith is the base that develops activity of be used to of mathematical dug sexology smoothly.

数学好玩学生具有良好的数学信念是顺利开展数学探究性学习活动的基础。

Psychology}, the paper defines intuition as a cognitive ability to make immediate judgement without analyzing or reasoning and further analyzes the relation and difference between intuition, inspiration, insight, imagination and perceptual intuition, pointing out that mathematical intuitive thinking is a swift judgement on and imagination to the objects of mathematics and their relationship in structure which is featured by illogicality, directness, probability, randomness and unity and aids students in predicting conclusion or direction to solution as well as making definite choice between several options, Furthermore, the paper probes into the foundation of mathematical intuitive thinking in terms of psychological mechanism, and thereupon holds it necessary to develop students mathematical intuition in that it does good to the excitement of creativity, improvement of overall qualities, all- brain development and optimization of mathematical thinking among students.

而数学直觉思维就是人脑对数学对象及其结构关系的一种迅速的判断与敏锐的想象，并探讨了数学直觉思维的生理机理基础，总结其特征有非逻辑性、直接性、或然性、随机性、整体性和综合性。在解题时直觉能帮助学生对结论或解题方向做出预见，也可以在推理面临多种可能性时，帮助学生做出果断的选择。

A mathematical model of optical axis fitting is put forward here. The model combines analytic method and numerical analysis method together with consideration of the actual decentration measurement.

提出一种光轴拟合的数学模型，该数学模型结合了解析方法和数值分析方法，考虑了中心偏测量的实际情况，在严格的数学模型基础上做了合理的简化。

Part two: The establishment of the model on the evaluation system of surgical practice quality for five-year clinical medicine education In this part methods of level analysis and specialist consultation are applied to weigh all the essential evaluation factors; and on the basis of the weighing, fuzzy mathematics overall assessment is used to establish mathematic models, which will also be testified followingly to assure that the comprehensive evaluation method constructed taking these three parts as main contents is scientific, efficient and feasible so that it can be employed to the evaluation of surgical practice quality of five-year clinical medical students.

第二部分：临床医学五年制外科实习质量评价数学模型的构建运用层次分析法，通过专家咨询，确定各评价要素权重；在确定权重的基础上，用模糊数学综合评判法建立数学模型，并对其进行验证，证明由这三部分为主要内容所构成的综合评价方法是科学、有效、可行的，可应用于临床医学五年制外科实习质量的评价。

The mian works are as follows:(1)By coprecipitation technique and coprecipitation- gel technique the nano zirconia powder was produced, factors affecting the properties of nano zirconia powder such as pH and the content of stabilizator are analyzed;(2)By the new pressless sintering process, the nano zirconia ceramic was produced, factors which can affecting the properties of nano zirconia sinter body such as moulding press and the sinter temperature are analyzed;(3)By the microtherm pressless sintering process, the nano copper added functional zirconia ceramic composite was produced, microscopic dimensionality and electric properties of such sinter body and the factors affecting such sinter body are analyzed;(4)By the self-invented "external albumen coating" technique the zirconia powder was successfully coated by carbon in the corresponding sinter body, which can help solve the traditional aggregation problem to some degree;(5)Based on analyze the characteristics in the nano powder sinter process, the "three-ball sinter model" was proposed, for the relationship between the relative density and porosity of sinter body, by mathematical fitting, such model was successfully verified.

本研究比较系统地研究了纳米氧化锆陶瓷的合成与成型机理，特别是讨论了纳米氧化锆陶瓷的稳定性，为防止纳米颗粒在外场作用下的团聚和长大提供了理论基础和实验数据，具体工作有以下几方面：(1)采用共沉淀法和共沉淀-凝胶法制备了纳米氧化锆粉体，并分析了pH值和稳定剂含量对粉体性能的影响；(2)采用新型无压烧结工艺制备了纳米氧化锆陶瓷，并分析了成型压力和烧结温度对烧结体性能的影响；(3)采用低温无压烧结工艺制备出添加纳米铜的功能性纳米氧化锆复合陶瓷，并分析了烧结体的微观尺度和电学性能的变化以及影响因素；(4)通过自创的&鸡蛋清外敷法&在真空镀膜台上对纳米氧化锆粉体进行包敷碳颗粒的表面处理，并采用真空烧结工艺制得相应烧结体，初步开始解决陶瓷烧结过程中团聚长大这一传统难题；(5)通过分析纳米颗粒在制备烧结体过程中的实际特点，提出了&三球烧结数学模型&，通过引入坯体相对密度和孔隙率的相对关系分析并通过自行编写的数学拟合软件，验证了这一数学模型。

Beside this, I also made a clear definition of Curriculum Resources of Mathematics and stapled it.

本文主要研究了三个问题：第一，采用文献法对课程资源与数学课程资源研究现状进行了梳理，在此基础上，界定了数学课程资源，并将数学课程资源进行了分类。

Under the definitions of the probability and the expected values of unhit attacking missile quantity,the expected values of anti-missile quantity and attacking missile quantity hit by a single anti-missile,the weapon operation efficiency was presented at various engagement pattern...

在定义未被命中的来袭导弹概率和数学期望、反导导弹数量的数学期望、单发反导导弹命中来袭导弹数学期望概念的基础上，研究不同作战方式下的武器作战效能。结果表明：提高导弹武器的效能，最为可行的方式是采用2发为单位的齐射。

Under experimental results of wax deposition and phase change, the mechanical characteristics of fluids flowing through porous media and the relevant physicochemical problem were all summed up as solving the gas-liquid-solid coupling mathematical model. After considering the phase change action between condensate gas and condensate liquid, wax deposition interlarded with interfacial drag force and capillary pressure engendered in the process of phase change. Numerical simulation results proved that the flow resistance increased and the production output decreased owing to wax deposition.

在蜡沉积变相态渗流实验和渗流数学模型的研究基础上，引入蜡沉积数学模型、考虑毛管力和表面张力的相对渗透率模型等，建立了相应的多孔介质中气－液－固变相态多相流－固耦合渗流数学模型，数值模拟结果表明，蜡沉积可使都分区域孔隙减少，流动阻力增大，不考虑蜡沉积会对产量预测明显偏大，蜡沉积可使产量下降。

The new mathematics curriculum standards was developed based on summarizing and introspecting previous mathematics education, and it kept and expanded some characters of mathematics syllabus.

新数学课程标准是在总结和反思以前数学教育的基础上研制而成的，保留了数学教学大纲的一些特色，是大纲的继承与发展。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。