数学

Taking Western mathematics as a standard, the Whiggish tendency of historical research plays a vital role in defending the superiority of national scientific culture.(3) Attach importance to investigation of internal history, ignore the external history.

以西方数学作为参照标准，较强的辉格史倾向在为民族科学文化先进性进行辩护方面发挥重要作用，重视数学史内史研究而忽视外史研究的研究范式也为其所需要。

Utilized the correlative knowledge of mathematics and theoretical mechanics, the movement measure of the rolling forming of rectangle ring have been studied that based on the ring rolling theory. And the corresponding geometrical models and mathematical models have been established. It was revealed the variation law of ring in the cold rolling process.With the rolling processing, the inside and outside diameters of ring gradually increased with the cures similarly hyperbolic and the augment speed of the inside diameter was obviously larger than the augment speed of the outside diameter. With the rolling processing, the displacement, speed and acceleration of the ring centre gradually increased in the feeding direction in the horizontal and vertical ring rolling mill. With the rolling processing, the moment of inertia which ring reeled its centre and the whirligig of ring gradually increased. It caused the rotary speed gradually decreased. And it was benefit to decrease the circle tolerance and improve the precision of final molding.

本文基于环件轧制理论，运用相关的数学知识和理论力学知识，研究了冷轧过程中矩形截面环件轧制成形的运动测量，并建立相关的几何模型和数学模型，揭示了冷轧过程中环件的变化规律：随着轧制过程的进行，环件的内外径随类似于双曲线的曲线逐渐增大，且环件内径增大速度大于外径增大速度；在卧式轧环机和立式轧环机下，随着轧制过程的进行，环件中心的位移、速度及加速度不断增大；随着轧制过程的进行，环件绕其中心的转动惯量不断增大，导致环件的转速不断减小，这样有利于环件的整圆和最终成形环件的精度。

By soluting the dynamic mathematical model, the transfer functions were obtained. The influence laws of heat storage and working medium property to dynamic characteristics were obtained.

在对锅炉蒸发受热面简化假定的基础上，建立了亚临界压力下的动态数学模型，对该数学模型进行求解，推导出了蒸发受热面的传递函数。

The system is described mathematically on the basis of mass balance, energy balance, and phase equilibrium. The model of process simulation of the AHT system is set up. The solution system of mathematical model of absorption cycles was put forward.

对吸收式热变换器的基本原理和行为特征在系统层次上进行了分析，进而根据质量平衡、能量平衡和相平衡方程对系统进行数学表述，建立了系统的过程模拟模型，并提出了AHT吸收循环数学模型的求解机制。

Cardano did not use the mathematical signals in Ars Magna, and the mathematical tradition then was synthetic instead of analytic, therefore, most rules in Ars Magna were arithmetical but not algebraical.

由于卡尔达诺没有使用数学符号，并且当时的数学传统是综合而不是分析，所以《大术》中的绝大多数法则都是算术法则，而不是代数推理过程。

Besides having a some insight into theinternal structure of operator algebras,it gives a greatimpetus to the development of modern mathematics towords thenon-commutative direction,especially to the developement ofnon-commutative geometry,non-commutative algebraical topologyas well as non-commutative algebraical geometry.

除了反映算子代数自身的内在性质之外，它还对于现代数学朝着非交换的方向发展起着积极的推动作用，特别对于&非交换微分几何&，&非交换的代数拓朴&，甚至&非交换的代数几何&等非交换的数学学科的发展具有重要的影响。

Thus,the methods of error correction and mathematical treatment for two alveoli levels detection data were presented.

针对在水平仪检测数据订正与数学处理方法方面出现的问题，分别提出了对这2种气泡水平仪系统读数误差的确定方法和检测数据的数学处理方法。

He concludes that the brain operates in part digitally, in part analogically, but uses a peculiar statistical language unlike that employed in the operation of man-made computers.

著者从数学的角度，主要是从逻辑和统计数学的角度，探讨计算机的运算和人脑思维的过程，进行了一些比较研究。

In this paper we describe hierarchy stages about how a teacher (1) manages child methods (2)cuts in as a guide and animater (3)practices"cognitive conflict". We also use questionaire to collect children's opinions about mathematical classroom learning activities. These phenonmenens and evidences well represent the transformation of mathematical teaching and learning patterns.

本文藉由提出教师处理儿童的「自然想法」，扮演引导者、促动者的「适时介入」，对儿童「认知冲突」的处理等行为模式，及问卷调查中儿童对数学教学活动的一些描述；以呈现数学教室活动型态的转变的现象及证据。

Firstly applying the notion of appropinquity in fuzzy mathematics to solve the scientific choice of optional instances. Secondly using synthetical judge to confirm the amendatory coefficient of territorial and separate factor. Lastly applying appropinquity and choosing close principle again to rationally confirm the appraisal result.

1应用模糊数学的贴近度概念来解决市场比较法应用中的可比实例的科学选择问题，用模糊数学的综合评判法来确定区域因素和个别因素修正系数，最后再次应用贴近度和择近原则较科学地解决了估价结果的合理确定问题。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。