数学

OR is harder in soft science, has the characteristic of both logic mathematics and mathematical logic, and are a basic theory and indispensable method, means and tool.

运筹学是软科学中"硬度"较大的一门学科，兼有逻辑的数学和数学的逻辑的性质，是系统工程学和现代管理科学中的一种基础理论和不可缺少的方法、手段和工具。

The free surface of the flow can be obtained from the discrete solution of the free surface flow equation.

建立了三维水流大涡模拟数学模型，采用迭代法求解速度和压力，再由离散化的自由水面运动方程求解自由水面；根据试验观测的水面线和流速分布资料，对数学模型进行验证。

Three dimension metal plastic deformation of special shaped products was transformed into two dimension axis symmetry problem, analysis model of the continuous stream and strain rate fields were sough.

将三维金属异型材挤压塑性成形问题转化为二维轴对称成形问题，求解椭圆异型挤压金属塑性成形连续流动场和应变速度场的数学解析模型，并应用金属塑性成形理论，建立了精密挤压异型材优化模腔的数学模型，同时为精密快速地实现挤压模腔的CAD/CAM一体化目标提供了技术支持。

According to static stability and avoiding the singularity induced bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation, and Hopf bifurcation in power systems, this paper presents mathematical models for stability equilibrium solutions based on the semismooth property of spectral functions in mathematics.

针对电力系统中静态稳定和避免奇异诱导分岔、Saddle-Node分岔、Hopf分岔几类典型的系统稳定问题，基于数学上谱函数的半光滑特性，建立了系统稳定平衡解的数学模型。

Therefore in the teaching students should be made to actuallyfeel that spherical geometry knowledge can be used to solve or explainsome real problems in both life and production, to reach the relatedconclusions about spherical geometry by comparing it with Euclideangeometry, and to have anidea of some non-Euclidean geometry models aswell as differences between flat geomtry models and spherical geometry ones.

是为对数学有兴趣和希望进一步提高数学素养的学生而设置，重点是培养学生空间想像和几何直观能力，教学中应使学生切实地感受到利用球面上的几何知识可以解决生活或生产中的一些实际问题；让学生通过欧氏几何和球面几何的类比，得到球面上的几何的相关结论；使学生了解一些非欧几何模型，从而思考平面几何模型与球面上的几何等非欧几何模型的差异。

GuoShouJing his ancestors in the Yuan Dynasty in China are well-known astronomer, mathematician, hydraulic engineering experts, he advanced mathematics, spherical geometry, triangulation has become highly literate, living in the home environment such郭伯of jade, from the favorite Math, especially for simpler and quicker abacus, but also aroused the interest of his research, he studies at abacus are enormous achievements, the Qing Dynasty famous mathematician Mei-ting in the "ancient Yan count slightly," Chu said plate of law, began in the early Ming郭伯jade, jade郭伯abacus at laws on the tremendous contribution to the world people have been referred to as "beads set of laws," the creators

他的先辈郭守敬是我国元代著名的天文学家、数学家、水利工程学家，他对高等数学、球面几何、三角都有很高的造诣，生活在这种家庭环境中的郭伯玉，从小就喜爱数学，尤其对简便、快捷的珠算，更引起他研究的兴趣，他在珠算研究上的成就是巨大的，清代著名数学家梅文鼎在《古算衍略》中说珠盘之法，始于明初郭伯玉，郭伯玉在珠算之法上的巨大贡献，被世人人称为"珠盘之法"的创制者

On this foundation, this text sums up the basic principle of permeating mathematics method of thinking in junior high school mathematics: Announce to public and permeate," show"and " hidden" combinative, follow the sequence and advance gradually, spiral raising, make a point of the process, permeat on time, sum in time, system induce, problem solving, outstanding and deep, respect difference, layering teaching, come from knowledge, return to knowledge.

在此基础上，本文总结了初中数学中的数学思想与方法渗透的基本原则：揭示渗透，"潜""显"结合的原则，循序渐进，螺旋上升的原则，注重过程，适时渗透的原则，及时小结，系统归纳的原则，问题解决，突出深化的原则，尊重差异，分层教学的原则，源于知识，回归知识的原则。

The article covers the full research on such aspects as mathematic description, numerical analysis method and their practical applications. The diphase heating surface is divided into a hot water section, a evaporation section and a micro overheat section , the problems of model switching are avoided successfully between subcritical and supercritical working condition in the model of The diphase heating surface, and the model can be used for between subcritical and supercritical working condition without causing the model stiff infinity prick up problem. The mathematical model and dynamic characteristic account is unified and predigested for the diphase heating surface of once—through boiler under subcritical and supercritical pressure, and propose that the working conditions at phase change point could be used as divide criterion between water region and steam region under supercritical pressure, the problems are solved successfully between water and steam phase change point under supercritical pressure.

本文在过程的数学描述、数值分析以及实际应用等方面进行了系统的研究分析，将双相受热面统一划分为热水段、蒸发段和微过热段三段，所建立的双相受热面模型不但成功地避免了超临界工况与亚临界工况间的模型切换，而且消除了由区段划分欠妥所引起的模型刚性无限加剧的问题，统一并简化了超临界及亚临界压力下直流锅炉双相区段的数学模型和动态特性计算，而且提出了利用相变点工况作为超临界压力下划分汽水区域的标准，解决了超临界压力下水与蒸汽的相变点问题。

New York Journal of Mathematics - Mark Steinberger, Editor in Chief

纽约数学杂志》，第一本电子版综合性数学杂志，发表高质量的研究论文，可以浏览全文。

This paper uses a stochastic dynamic programming of cross-temporal balanced optimization knowledge to establish a mathematical model of employment and position matching .

运用随机动态规划的跨时均衡最优化的知识，建立了工人就业决策数学模型和职位配对的数学模型，得出了工人理性的最低工资以及在劳务市场的存在职位机会和工人找到合适的职位即配对问题等对失业的影响。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。