数学

The measurement accuracy of the photoelectric theodolite is decided based on measurement requirement of the ballistic trajectory. Two simple equations were derived mathematically, one expression for positioning error of the ballistic trajectory, angle error of the photoelectric theodolite, ranging error, target slant range and height when one instrument is used, another expression for positioning error of the ballistic trajectory, angel error of the photoelectric theodolite, target slant range and intersection angle when two symmetrical intersection instruments are used.

通过数学解析的方法，推导建立了2个简洁的公式：1）单站定位体制下弹道点位精度和光电经纬仪测角、测距精度以及目标斜距、高角之间的数学表达式；2）对称交会测量体制下弹道点位精度和光电经纬仪测角精度以及目标斜距、交会角之间的数学表达式。

So we have made the detail explanation in the aspects of the immediacy, the entirety, the self-confident, the incoherency, the spontaneousness and the guess we consider that the ability of methematical intuition may be traine...

其次，作者认为，数学直觉能力是可以培养的；作者集中地对如何通过数学学习培养数学直觉能力的问题进行了分析，并提出了一些具体的建议。

Fuzzy math for how to correctly understand its ambiguity, clarity, and stochastic approximation with the ambiguity of the distinction between a discussion and links to further clear the classical mathematics of fuzzy mathematics and the relationship between the ambiguity of the objective of universality.

针对模糊数学如何正确认识其模糊性、清晰性、随机性及近似性与模糊性之间的区别与联系进行了讨论，进一步明确模糊数学与经典数学的关系、模糊性的客观普遍性。

Psychology}, the paper defines intuition as a cognitive ability to make immediate judgement without analyzing or reasoning and further analyzes the relation and difference between intuition, inspiration, insight, imagination and perceptual intuition, pointing out that mathematical intuitive thinking is a swift judgement on and imagination to the objects of mathematics and their relationship in structure which is featured by illogicality, directness, probability, randomness and unity and aids students in predicting conclusion or direction to solution as well as making definite choice between several options, Furthermore, the paper probes into the foundation of mathematical intuitive thinking in terms of psychological mechanism, and thereupon holds it necessary to develop students mathematical intuition in that it does good to the excitement of creativity, improvement of overall qualities, all- brain development and optimization of mathematical thinking among students.

而数学直觉思维就是人脑对数学对象及其结构关系的一种迅速的判断与敏锐的想象，并探讨了数学直觉思维的生理机理基础，总结其特征有非逻辑性、直接性、或然性、随机性、整体性和综合性。在解题时直觉能帮助学生对结论或解题方向做出预见，也可以在推理面临多种可能性时，帮助学生做出果断的选择。

Symbolization is one of the most important inner powers in the development of mathematics. There are three main periods in the development of the mathematic symbols.

符号化是数学发展的内在动力之一，因此分析数学符号对数学发展的影响作用就会有很大意义。

Then, it studies the supply chain management system as a complex system to confirm the state existing during operating of the system. After that, it conducts a probability analysis on the state which the system located by applying supplement variable method, and establishes the model of distributed parameter system in a form of partial differential equations. Combining C0 ? semigroup theory in the functional analysis, it conducts a dynamic analysis on the established mathematical model. Using this method, it obtains the mathematical expression of the dynamic solution and the steady state solution, and proves the uniqueness, non-negativity and the asymptotic stability of the system solution. This dissertation applies the Matlab tool and uses two-step, three-step Simpson integral equation to imitate the condition of system solution. Then, it adds possible mode of failure and the optimization adjustment state to the system, based on which it has established the distributed parameter system model which is described by partial differential system of equations. Combining the functional analysis C0 ? semigroup theory, it studies the established mathematical model, and obtains the mathematical expression of the dynamic solution system and the steady state solution. It has proven the existing of uniqueness of the system solution, the asymptotic stability of system solution and the system solution. In addition, it has lying the theory rationale for further analysis and the research on the optimization of system.

本文首先简要综述了供应链理论、可靠性研究、鲁棒性研究以及供应链鲁棒性研究的现状；然后，将供应链系统作为一个复杂系统来分析，确定了系统运行过程中所经历的状态，通过引入补充变量的方法，建立了用偏微分方程组描述的分布参数系统模型，用泛函分析中的C_0 -半群理论得到了系统动态解和稳态解的数学表达式，证明了系统解存在的唯一性、非负性和指数阶渐近稳定性；并借助Matlab工具，利用二阶、三阶辛普森积分方程模拟系统解的性态，并给出系统动态解的仿真图；本文又对上述系统增加了系统可能失效状态和优化调整状态，并在此基础上建立了用偏微分方程组描述的分布参数系统模型，同样用泛函分析中的C_0 -半群理论对所建立的数学模型进行了研究，得到系统动态解和稳态解的数学表达式，证明了系统动态解存在的唯一性、非负性及渐近稳定性，为进一步分析和研究供应链优化奠定了理论基础。

The theory of ordinary differential equations is one of the important branches of mathematical science.

常微分方程是数学科学的一个重要分支，也是数学理论联系实际的重要途径之一，是数学分析课的基本理论和方法的深化和延伸。

By using mathematical method, the model is established, and through analyzing the mathematical model, the variable gain and settling time of the AGC circuit are calculated.

采用数学方法建立数学模型，并通过分析数学模型计算出AGC回路的可变增益和稳定时间，设计了相应的电路并分析了AGC回路对流量测量计算过程的影响。

The MLD profited from verbalization more than the MRD.Finally,there was a significant difference in the rehearsal level among the three types of students.The normal math learner performed best,then followed by the MLD only and the MRD.

3三类小学生在复述水平上差异极其显著；其中数学学习正常学生的复述水平最高，其次是单纯型数学困难学生，表现最为落后的是混合型数学困难学生。

Attention should be paid to logos spirit in the education of math, and only with strong atmo...

数学教育应重视培养理性精神，理性精神的氛围浓厚，才会形成重视数学的气候，才有助于发挥数学多方面的功能。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。