数学

We should not deny the role of mathematization in economics due to the complexity of economic phenomena or the successes achieved by some economists not use mathematics.

不能因为经济现象的复杂性、部分经济学家不用数学同样取得成功来否定经济学数学化，经济学数学化会成为一种主流趋势，同时，经济学研究也应该形成一个多元化的格局。

There is mutual contradiction between direction estimation of user's signal and power allocation among all users in the beamforming algorithm. A twice game beamforming algorithm based on game theory is proposed to deal with it. Beamforming game algorithm mathematics model is constructed. During the first game, direction of signal and power allocation are mapped the game theory as "player", which are modeled as the problem of maximin function and obtain direction estimation first. Then during the second game, power allocations of different users are described as a multi-user game. Power updated algorithm is designed. The existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium in the twice game beamforming algorithm based on game theory are proved by mathematics derivation.

摘要针对波束成形算法中，用户的信号方向估计值和用户之间的功率分配存在着相互矛盾，本文提出了一种基于博弈论的二次博弈波束成形算法，构建了波束成形博弈算法数学模型，首先在第一次博弈的时候，将波束成形算法中的信号方向和功率分配映射为博弈论数学模型中的"局中人"，将其建模为函数的极大极小值求解问题，先求解出信号方向；然后在第二次博弈的时候，将不同用户的功率分配过程描述为一个多用户的博弈过程，设计了功率分配更新算法，通过数学推导论证了纳什平衡点的存在性和唯一性。

Mill was a complete empiricist about mathematics and held both that mathematical concepts are derived from experience and also that mathematical truths like 2+2=4 are really inductive generalisations from experience.

厂是一个完整的经验主义对数学都举行的数学概念，从经验中得出的经验，还从数学真理像2 +2 = 4是真正箹奚概括。

MIM was the mathematical views and thinking methods during the course of mathematics studying active.

其结构的核心是数学观念和数学意识，以及数学思想、解题的一般方法和解题术。

It has been developed to be a cross-subject of numerical and applied mathematics and system science.

声波散射反问题是一类典型的数学物理反问题，在无损检测、医学成像、遥感、雷达、声呐、石油、地矿和海洋探测等领域都有着广泛而重要的应用空间，迄今已发展成为融合计算数学、应用数学和系统科学的具有交叉性的热门学科方向，对其计算方法的研究正吸引着国内外众多学者的浓厚兴趣。

The methods quantitatively analyze the mathematical abstraction and can help revealing the inner construction of mathematical theory with rich connotation by means of the theory of partial order set and graph theory, and so on.

该方法给出了数学抽象的定量分析，主要是应用了偏序集理论和图论等一些数学方法，它有助于揭示具有丰富内涵的数学理论的内在结构。

In accordance with these questions, one kind of method solving these issues was put forward in this text, and namely adopting mathematics to build the method of pattern, by w-ay of studying the big needle drum system of PASSIM's cigarette machine, to use the mathematical model of big needle drum system of " black box " method establishment, and uses whole parameter and the correlation coefficient to map out the big needle drum system mathematical model of least square method, the question time lapse that what in accordance with the system exists pure adopts Smith compensator to estimate the compensator in advance solving the issue of system lag, and uses whole fixed method of frequency conversion control engineering and PLC's control engineering and PID etc to put into effect transforming to the system, and finally by way of theory verify and reality to verify to prove the success of system transformation.

针对这些问题，本文提出了一种解决这些问题的办法，即采用数学建模的方法，通过研究PASSIM卷烟机大针鼓系统，利用"黑匣子"方法建立大针鼓系统的数学模型，并运用最小二乘法整定出大针鼓系统数学模型的参数及相关系数，针对系统存在的纯时滞问题，采用史密斯预估计补偿器来解决系统滞后的问题，并利用变频控制技术和PLC控制技术、PID参数整定方法等对系统实施改造，最后通过理论验证和实际验证证明了系统改造的成功。

The number shape is hit by mentality in common use combining with being that the mathematics solves problems , shape is can make some abstract mathematics problems perception-rization , pictorialize , vivid-rization in the thought being tied in wedlock , is able to change an abstratc thinking into the thinking in images , is helpful to the nature grasping the mathematics problem.

数形结合是数学解题中常用的思想方法，数形结合的思想可以使某些抽象的数学问题直观化、形象化、生动化，能够变抽象思维为形象思维，有助于把握数学问题的本质。

Plane geometry plays an important part in junior math education. In recent decades, many math experts, teachers and researchers both at home and abroad have done plenty of research and gotten many achievements.

平面几何是初中数学教育的重要内容，几十年来，国内外众多的数学专家、广大数学教师和教研人员对几何教学进行了许多研究，取得了很多的成果。

First introduced highway alignment's definition, the significance, the developing process and the CASIO series calculator in the highway surveying computation application; Using the traverse survey computation's two basic mathematical model (azimuth calculation, coordinate calculation), compile the corresponding procedure to solve echo the wire coordinate computation; With the aid in the mathematical model which three, four and so on leveling's field operations calculate, compiles the corresponding procedure to solve the road elevation survey computation; According to relaxes the circular curve principal point and the detail coordinate computation mathematical model, based on this programs the solution to relax the circular curve coordinate principal point and the detail coordinate computation, then further develops this procedure to use to calculate the circular curve principal point and the detail coordinate computation.

首先介绍了公路线路的定义、意义、发展过程和CASIO 系列计算器在公路测量计算的应用；利用导线测量计算的两种基本数学模型，编写相应的程序以解决附和导线坐标计算；借助于三、四等水准测量的外业计算的数学模型，编写相应的程序以解决公路高程测量的计算；根据缓和圆曲线主点及细部点的坐标计算的数学模型，在此基础上编程解决缓和圆曲线坐标主点及细部点坐标的计算，然后进一步开发此程序用以计算圆曲线主点及细部点的坐标计算。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。