数学

The result revealed that 1 From the cultural point of view, the tension between Tayal culture's "speech-based representation system" and Chinese culture's "character-based representation system" cause Tayal students difficulties carry out the transformation of representations. 2 Tension formed between Tayal students'"wholeness and conferring of meaning" thinking framework, and "partialness" presented in teaching material and teaching activities, is unfavorable for their understanding of mathematical concepts. 3 Tension is formed between Tayal culture's "open ended discussion" style and "close ended discussion" style in mathematics class, which lowered the opportunity for Tayal students to communicate mathematical knowledge.

研究结果发现：从文化的角度来看，泰雅文化的「言说表徵系统」与汉文化的「文字表徵系统」之间的张力，导致泰雅学生不易进行数学表徵的转换；泰雅学生「整体观及意义赋予」的思考方式与教材或教学方式所呈现的「部分观」所形成的张力，不利於泰雅学生理解数学概念；泰雅文化的「开放式对谈模式」与数学教室的「封闭式对谈模式」所形成的张力，减低了泰雅学生沟通数学知识的机会。

In the idea of math teacher's education specialty, I put forward the instructional thought like"adequate to theory","attach importance to practice","system innovation"and"literacy standard", improve the structure of curriculum on the curriculum system construction of math teacher's education specialty, promote the character of teacher specialization, enhance the integration of general course, protrude the literacy of teacher specialization, reduce math specialized course, promote the function of"Educational Academy", regrade two kind educational course, strengthen thought integration, construct course modality of"Subject Amalgamation", unfold the summary of course structure and proportion of math teacher's education specialty. In the integration of curriculum and teaching model, according to the different kind of curriculum nature and learning stage of teacher's education specialty, I think there are three leading type to teaching model and learning stage, that is, participating teaching and meaningful receptive learning, eliciting teaching method and research study, case based teaching and reflective learning, and put forward operability suggestions to teaching practice.

在数学教师教育专业理念上，提出了&理论够用&、&实践为重&&体系创新&和&素养本位&的指导思想；在数学教师教育专业课程体系构建上，提出优化课程结构，提升教师专业化品性；加强通识课程统整，突出教师专业化素养；精减数学学科专业课，并增进&教育学术性&功能；精选两类教育类课程，强化统整思想，并构建出&学科融合&式的课程样态，展现了数学教师教育专业课程结构、比例的概略性图谱；在课程与教学模式整合问题上，笔者提出了按照教师教育专业学生学习的课程属性和学习阶段不同，形成三个主导型教学模式与学习方式，即参与式教学与有意义接受学习、启发性教学和研究性学习、案例式教学与反思性学习，并对对教育实习提出具有操作性的建议。

According to the experience investigation on construction and development of mathematics and application mathematics specialty in our country main economic typal institutions of higher education, some questions on which are discussed, the strategy are also set up.

依据对全国主要经济类高校数学与应用数学专业建设与发展经验的调查，论述了关于经济类高校数学与应用数学专业建设与和谐发展的若干问题，并提出了相应的基本发展战略。

In Russell's opinion, logic should be the foundation of mathematics. Then he put forward his topic that mathematics is the same as logic and it can be deoxidized to logic.

他认为，数学的基础应是逻辑，从而提出他的数学逻辑主义论题：数学与逻辑等同，全部数学可以化归为逻辑。

In Russells opinion, logic should be the foundation of mathematics. Then he put forward his topic that mathematics is the same as logic and it can be deoxidized to logic.

他认为，数学的基础应是逻辑，从而提出他的数学逻辑主义论题：数学与逻辑等同，全部数学可以化归为逻辑。

This dissertation compares and reflects on classical mathematics between Chinese and Western, points that classical mathematics in Chinese differs from Western, former is a constructing and mechanizing system, and latter is logical and deduct system.

本文通过揭示中国古典数学思想及以古希腊为代表的西方古典数学思想特征的基础上，寻求二者之差异及引起差异的根源、表现及特征，指出中国古典数学的构造性、机械化的算法体系，完全有别于以古希腊为代表的西方数学的逻辑风格和演绎体系。

From the 13th to the 16th century, Liber Abaci affected the development of arithmetic mathematical, the revolution in business Mathematics, and the mathematics education in Europe.

十三世纪意大利数学家斐波那契的《计算之书》(Liber Abaci，1202初版、1228再版)是中世纪晚期欧洲重要的数学著作，在13到16世纪对欧洲算法化数学发展、商业数学革命、以及数学教育变革等方面产生了广泛的影响。

At last, the software for upper machine and lower machine is introduced.Chapter 3, on the basis of the experiment on the nano feeding control platform, the mathematic modal of drive parts is established considering that the nano feeding under large feeding force has some open air temperature random disturbance phenomenon which influences the feed precision.

第三章，首先对建立数学模型的分步拟合方法进行了介绍，接着，在实验的基础上，通过拟合的方法得出纳米级热驱动部件输入功率与输出位移的数学传递函数以及外界温度干扰与输出位移的数学传递函数，最后建立了干扰情况下的纳米级热驱动部件数学模型。

The First Part discusses the rationale of cultivating the maths self-learning ability of secondary vocational school students, making an overall theotvlical explanation in the urgency and possibility of cultivating the maths self-lenmmg ability of secondary vocational school students, the learning and teaching features of ninths self-learning ability and the teaching principles of maths self-learning ability cultivation.

第一部份，讨论培养中职学生数学自学能力的理论基础，从培养数学自学能力的迫切性、可能性，数学自学能力的学习特征，教学特征，以及数学自学能力培养的教学原则等方面作了较为全面的理论阐述。

On the condition of remote observation and quasi- monochromatic observation,a compact image-plane interference mathematical model is deduced with OAS optical transfer function and the property of Fourier transform.

在观测目标相当遥远及准单色观测条件下，根据光学综合孔径光学传递函数以及傅里叶变换性质建立了一个简化的像面干涉光强分布数学模型，此数学模型的物理含义符合光学综合孔径成像观测的实际情况；根据光学综合孔径瞳面干涉条件，在光学综合孔径像面干涉数学模型的基础上得到瞳面干涉的数学模型。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。