数值计算

The numerical method of the diffusive-gray enclosure radiation heat transfer in complex geometry was studied, and its application was introduced into these two processes to improve the quality of handsaw and single crystal.

复杂结构的辐射换热计算所遇到的主要问题是：结构复杂导致计算量巨大；辐射角系数的计算因遮挡或数值计算误差而难以满足对称性和完整性，从而导致辐射换热计算不准确。

Based on the inverse mapping with linear deformation, the geometric mapping was used to carry out the second element transformation in order to avoid the abnormality of the stiffness matrix and to improve the stability and the convergence of the numerical calculations.

在现有线性变形逆向映射法的基础上，采用几何映射法计算变换单元，避免单元刚度矩阵出现畸形，提高钣金展开有限元逆算法的稳定性和收敛速度，对几何映射法与投影法所计算的变换单元进行了对比，数值计算结果表明用几何映射法计算的初始估算展开料形状更接近于最终的钣金件展开形状。

In this dissertation, many works have been done on the basis of the summarization of the merits of all kinds of meshless methods after a large number of relevant references are read and studied. The basic ideas, principles of meshless methods and their development in the recent years are introduced synoptically. Applications of Element-free Galerkin method in elastic foundation plate are studied deeply and some useful conclusions are obtained as follows:(1) Comparisons between numerical solutions and analytical solutions for several different styles of weight functions, including Gaussian weight function, spline weight function and singular weight function etc, are performed. The results show that Gaussian weight function is the best one.(2) Ranges of relevant parameters for Gaussian weight function are given.(3) Influences of nodal distribution schemes and the number of Gaussian integrated dots on computational results are discussed.

在本文中，作者在认真阅读和研究所搜集到的大量参考文献、综合各种无网格法优点的基础上，首先，对无网格法的基本思想、基本原理、发展现状作了概括性的介绍；其次，对无单元Galerkin法在弹性地基板计算中的应用进行了较为深入的探讨：(1)分别对高斯型、样条型、奇异型等不同形式的权函数进行比较分析，数值计算结果与级数解析解的比较表明，高斯型权函数效果较好：(2)对高斯型权函数进行参数研究，得到地基板计算中相关参数的选取范围；(3)对不同节点分布方案和不同高斯积分对计算结果的影响等作了有益的讨论。

By getting over the state of the art about the technique of the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling, the research contents and study ways and means are put forward, and the importance to research is explained.

第二章：主要论述了变顶高尾水洞的工作原理、体型设计和适用条件以及过渡过程计算的数值计算模型，重点在于数学模型的建立与分析，明满流交替现象中选择了合理的计算模型和计算方法；第三章：着重介绍了向家坝变顶高尾水洞方案模型试验的研究内容和主要结果。

By getting over the state of the art about the technique of the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling, the research contents and study ways and means are put forward, and the importance to research is explained.Chapter 2 introduces the working principle of the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling. And the design of body type, appliance condition and the numerical model for transient process are illuminated.

第二章：主要论述了变顶高尾水洞的工作原理、体型设计和适用条件以及过渡过程计算的数值计算模型，重点在于数学模型的建立与分析，明满流交替现象中选择了合理的计算模型和计算方法；第三章：着重介绍了向家坝变顶高尾水洞方案模型试验的研究内容和主要结果。

In the process of numerical computation of electromagnetic field, primary ending voltage is taken as constraint condition, primary starting current is iterated, and stating current and starting torque at rated voltage is obtained.

在电磁场的数值计算过程中，以初级端电压为约束条件，对初级起动电流进行了迭代计算，得到了额定电压下的起动电流和起动转矩，最后把正弦电磁场计算结果与实测结果进行了对比，表明直线感应电动机起动性能的计算结果满足工程实际的需要。

The characteristics of air conditioning load in the underfloor air supply rooms were analyzed, and the difference between underfloor air supply air conditioning and the traditional in load calculation method was pointed out.

分析了下送风房间空调负荷的特点，指出了下送风空调系统与传统空调系统在负荷计算方法上的差异，介绍了2种目前用于下送风空调负荷计算的主要方法即数值计算法和修正系数法，并对2种方法的计算特点、适用范围等进行了详细论述。

The long-term seepage control effects of the surrounding rocks of the underground powerhouse are performed by a stationary seepage analysis method combining the variational inequality formulation of Signorini's type with an adaptive penalty Heaviside function to guarantee the numerical stability and convergence. Meanwhile, the difficulty in finite element mesh generation is reduced and the calculation time and modeling accuracy are balanced with a global model of equivalent modeling and a submodel of accurate modeling for drainage hole array.

为确保数值计算的稳定性和收敛性，采用Signorini型变分不等式和自适应罚函数相结合的稳定渗流分析方法，对厂房围岩的长期渗控效应进行计算分析；同时，采用基于等效模拟的整体模型分析和基于精细模拟的子模型分析相结合的方法，以减小有限元建模难度并协调计算量和计算精度之间的矛盾。

The astringency, error and stability of the numerical method are researched. Zero matrix method, constant matrix method, and Jacobian matrix method are constructed in order to improve numerical precision and efficiency.

研究了所提数值计算方法的误差、稳定性、收敛性等数学性质，在计算精度和计算效率两方面提出了一些改进措施，构造了零矩阵法、常数矩阵法、雅可比矩阵法等计算格式。

Furthermore, the present model is employed to compute the wave field in the inner area of the deepwater channel jetties in the Yangtze River Estuary. Results demonstrate that the present model, which takes into account energy dissipation and the partial reflection of waves, can be used in the relatively large harbor basin, not only simple and convenient to conduct but also provides enough accuracy to satisfy the demand of engineering design.

同时从对长江口深水航道一期工程导堤内侧水域波浪场的计算结果看，本文的计算方法能够应用于较大范围的港内水域的波浪数值计算，并考虑了底摩阻耗散和边界不完全反射的影响，计算简便，精度满足工程应用要求。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。