数值的

Based on the former studies, this paper promotes an innovation about this topic using new satellite altimetry data and hydrographic data along with numerical experiments: Firstly, the temporal variation of the deformation of Kuroshio accompanied by the periodically shed anticyclonic eddies from the Kuroshio bend is discovered; Secondly, the major mechanism of the anticyclonic eddy separating from the Kuroshio bend, which is the frontal instability, is brought forward and then proved; Thirdly, the factors with important impact on the periodical variation of the Kuroshio bend and the eddy shedding, which are the strength of the Kuroshio transport and the circulation in the winter SCS, are determined.

本文在前人工作的基础上，利用了最新的卫星遥感资料和海洋调查资料，通过数值模式的数值实验，得到了以下前人没有得到的创新成果：发现在吕宋海峡处黑潮的形变随时间变化，并伴有反气旋涡周期性地从黑潮主体中脱落；提出并证明了吕宋海峡黑潮锋附近的锋面不稳定是反气旋涡从黑潮弯曲中脱落的主要机制；确定了对黑潮弯曲周期性变化以及反气旋涡脱落有重要影响的物理因素是黑潮流量的大小及冬季南海局地环流。

The control volume integration was applied to deduce the discrete expressions of the convection-diffusion equations. The staggered grid and SIMPLE algorithm were introduced to deal with coupling between pressure and velocity, and then the numerical computation expressions of such variables as fluid flow velocity and pressure were deduced. Using the backward difference method and incremental theory to discretize the governing equations for fields of chemical reaction, material structure and chemorheology, the numerical computation expressions of variables such as the monomer conversion, average molecular weight and fluid viscosity were constructed.

应用控制容积积分法导出了对流—扩散方程的离散表达式，引入交错网格技术与SIMPLE算法，实现了耦合的压力场与速度场的分离式求解，推导得到了流体的流动速度、压力等物理量的数值计算式；采用向后差分方法和增量方法，实现了化学反应场、材料结构场、化学流变场控制方程的离散，获得了反应转化率、聚合物平均相对分子质量、流体黏度等物理量的数值计算式。

This thesis consists of two parts. The first one was that boundary value problem was discrete with five point difference method. Three kinds of memory formats were studied, which were full matrix, half band width and row compress sparse. Full matrix memory format and half band width memory format first was contrasted. The results show that half band width has efficiency in space. Then the algebraic system of finite element method was solved by Gauss-Seidel iteration method to popular row compress sparse memory format.

本论文由两部分组成，第1部分针对边值问题，用5点差分格式进行离散，并对离散矩阵这类大型稀疏矩阵，研究了系数矩阵的3种存储格式的优劣，即：满矩阵存储格式、半带宽存储格式和按行压缩稀疏存储格式，首先我们将满矩阵存储方式和半带宽存储格式进行了对比，迭代法的数值实验表明：利用半带宽存储的矩阵在空间运算方面具有高效性；然后针对目前数值实验中流行的按行压缩稀疏存储格式，实现了有限元离散代数系统的迭代法的求解。

And the control volume finite difference method based on the boundary fitted curve line coordinate for the coupling model of whole system;(2)introduction of the relative temperature gradient function Sv , which is used to determine the evolution of crystal / melt interface shape, because the shape of the crystal / melt interface during crystal growth is an important factor in determining the crystal quality.

本文采用数值模拟方法，研究了传热对晶体生长的影响，包括以下几个方面：(1)建立了晶体的简化模型，熔体的简化模型和相应的数值计算方法；为了从总体上研究晶体生长的动态特性，首次导出了旋成体曲线座标系的SIMPLEC算法，并成功地应用于晶体生长的整体模拟。

First, we discuss the noncharacteristic Cauchy problem for 1-D heat equation.

首先，对一维的热传导方程的非特征Cauchy问题，我们利用边界积分方法将问题的求解转化成解积分方程组的问题，再对积分方程组进行离散化来数值求解，最后的数值结果表明我们的算法是有效的。

To RPC, the fluidity was usually a key index, because it directly reflected the work-ability. The effect factors were complex, however, the quantity relation between the RPC fluidity and its effect factors could not be expressed with a uniform numeric formula. There was no effective method for this problem at present. In accordance, a numeric method which used for controlling the RPC fluidity was advanced. The neural network model based on genetic algorithm was introduced for a aptitude method consequently.

流动度是RPC配制的一个关键指标，它直接反映了其工作性的优劣，但其影响因素复杂，难以用统一的数值关系直接描述RPC流动度与其影响因素的量化关系，目前还没有合适的计算方法，为此，提出控制RPC流动度的数值方法，即引入遗传神经网络对RPC的流动度进行预测控制。

By applying contour integral method and high-order displacement functionsof MM,we obtain the accurate stress intensity factors of mixed-mode crack.Then,the open crack propagation of the mixed mode I and II is simulated by means oftheories of linear elastic fracture mechanics.This provides a simple and effectivenumerical way for crack evolvement studying.

接着，文中采用围线积分法和流形方法的高阶位移函数来计算得到比较准确的混合型裂纹尖端的应力强度因子，然后基于线弹性断裂力学的裂纹扩展准则，用流形方法实现了平面I-II混合型张裂纹扩展的数值模拟，为数值方法研究裂纹的演化行为提供了一条简单而有效的途径。

Three regional climate models (MM4,RegCM2 and P-σ incorporated coordinate model)have been used to simulate the regional climate over eastern China in July .It is found that these three models have different performances in simulating different climate elements such as 500 hPa geopotential high field ,temperature fields,sea level pressure and rainy belt location.The results are important for developing regional climate model system which is suitable for eastern China and improving the simulation and forecast results.

利用MM4中尺度数值模式、RegCM2模式和P-σ混合坐标五层区域气候模式，以GFDL多年平均的6月份气候场作初始场，对我国东部地区7月份的区域气候进行数值模拟，比较、检验了三个模式模拟中国东部区域气候的性能，发现对500 hPa高度场、温度场、海平面气压场、雨带位置等不同的模拟对象，三个模式各有优劣，其结果对于发展适合我国东部地区的区域气候模式系统、改进模拟和预测效果具有一定的参考意义。

Value of elementary constant of the universe in today is equal to 7.7577806787995708*1060 ; Mirror value of it is equal to 7.6936667888921355*10-33 Elementary constant of the universe represents total amounts of completable sapce time the universe possesses at certain univesal moment ; Elementary constant of the universe in today reflects that of the universe at present universal moment.

今天基本宇宙常数的数值等于7.7577806787995708*1060 ；今天基本宇宙常数的镜像数值等于 7.6936667888921355*10-33。基本宇宙常数反映了宇宙在任一宇宙时刻具有完备时空的总数量，而今天基本宇宙常数则准确地反映了今天宇宙具有的完备时空的总数量。

Finally, some examples of two-dimensional and three-dimensional bodies are given, at the same time the Richardson's extrapolations of these numerical results are calculated.

最后，给出了一些二维，三维的任意导体的数值结果，并且给出了这些数值结果的Richardson外推值，计算结果与文献以及精确解都吻合的比较好，从而说明了该方法的有效性和准确性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。