数值的

The method can solve numerical problems as well as symbolic problems in which the coefficients are symbolics other than numerical values.

本文提出的这一方法用来求解数值模型和符号模型（即已知系数是符号而不是具体数值）的符号形式表达的最优解和/或求解问题的全部最优解。

In the method of numerical analysis, the spatial part of equation system in strong conservation form is first discretized by conventional central finite-difference approximation and then the system of partial differential equations becomes a system of ordinary difference equations.

本文所建数值方法的基本空间离散格式是中心差分，并用源于Jameson的标量耗散模型抑制数值波动；采用经典四阶龙格—库塔法积分经过空间离散后得到的常微分方程组当残差足够小时的解为稳态解。

Fist, comprehensive analysis on the current study on data processing is made, and characters of Newton methods about nonlinear surveying and mapping data processing are discussed, and then new solutions to parameters estimate with multi-sources, multi-types, multi-dimension, multi-precision bynonlinear least square are presented such as PSB algorithm, digital continuation and generalized digital continuation algorithm, cone model method, tensor analysis method, GCMA(mixed algorithm of gradient method and conjugate gradient method), combining algorithm based on Newton method and gradient method and confidence region and so on, and a new fast difference iterative algorithm is proposed towards parameters estimation containing random parameters in nonlinear models, and a new solutions to nonlinear least squares surveying and mapping adjustment by parameters estimation both considering the random and nonrandom parameters is presented after studying on nonlinear data processing in deformation monitoring, and at last primary analysis on error propagation of spatial data is made and approximate error propagation formula and error analysis formula to length and area are proposed.

首先比较全面分析了目前测量数据处理理论的研究现状，讨论了牛顿类方法在处理非线性模型参数估计方面的特点，研究并给出了求解多源、多类型、多维、多精度、非线性最小二乘测量平差参数估计的若干种新方法，这包括PSB算法、数值延拓及其广义数值延拓算法、锥模型法、张量分析法、基于最速下降法和牛顿法的组合算法、基于最速下降

Numerical simulation to three-dimensional turbulent flow in multistage axial compressor blade row is carried out, where high resolution third-order ENN scheme is adopted to catch the shockwave and simulate the turbulent flow correctly, and LU-SGS implicit method is chosen to improve computation rate. A nicety and high efficiency numerical simulating system is thus constructed.

对多级轴流压气机叶栅内三维紊流流场进行数值模拟，采用高精度高分辨率的三阶ENN格式以保证对激波的捕捉和对紊流特征的正确模拟，利用LU-SGS隐式解法提高了计算速度，从而构成了一种既准确又高效的多级跨声速轴流压气机紊流流动数值求解系统。

To solve the difficulties of digital integral that exist in global optimization of redundant manipulators, this paper discussed how to build up dynamic equation, the inner relation between constraints and unconstraint optimum control problems, then a digital method solving optimum control problems is deeply analyzed.

为了解决冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难，本文讨论了动力学方程的建立、无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系，重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法。

In mathematical simulation theory, stress-strain relation of powder-compactdeformation , equivalent strain velocity equation , and unitary matrix equation ,are deduced.Therefore, feasibility of Multi-Core-Line-Die Powder Extrusion Forming is validated by Research on Mathematical Simulation Theory and Powder Extrusion Forming Technology of Multi-Core-Line-Die, which is a better forming method of metallic carrier.

在数值模拟理论中，推导了粉末体变形的应力-应变关系等效应变速率方程和求解的整体矩阵方程因此，"多芯线粉末挤压成形工艺及其数值模拟理论研究"验证了多芯线粉末挤压成形在工艺上的可行性，是金属载体成形的较好方法。

The plant important value of Simpson and Shannon wiener in Jing zhou ancient wall are measured and illustrated. The important value of herb and liana and other relevant data are measured and illustrated. Pterocanfa stenoplera, Broussonetia,Papyrifera, Corydalis, Rabia,etc are selected.

测定了荆州古城墙植被中乔木的Simpson多样性指数值和Shannon-wiener多样性指数值，测定了草本与藤本等植物的重要值及其他相关数据，并得出B样方的植物多样性数值最高、I点的植物多样性数值最低等结论，筛选出枫杨、井栏边草、土牛膝、紫堇、薏苡等乡土植物。

This paper , pertaining to a certain project situated in karstic region where geologic formation is highly developed with features of calciferous cave faults abundant, in corporation with on site measurement and anti-analysis results, sets up a geo-mechanics model for various rock formations, and by way of 3D non-linear large deformation values modelling computation, numeric simulated study was taken for different shotcreted anchoring supports upon which one has studied surrounding rock control technique under unfavourable geologic conditions.

提要：本文针对某工程处于岩溶地区，地质构造发育，溶洞断层较多的地质特点，结合现场量测和反分析结果，建立不同岩体结构的地质力学模型，通过三维非线性大变形数值模拟计算，对不同的锚喷支护过程进行了数值模拟研究，在此基础上，研究了不良地质条件下的围岩控制技术。

By the proposed method, the exact calculation of the 3-D complexly structured waveguide EM fields is realized.

该方法克服了目前的有关数值分析方法在处理三维复杂结构波导边值问题所遇到的主要困难，实现了三维复杂结构波导边值问题的精确而有效的数值计算。

In 1997,Their infinite-dimensional dissipativity wasfurther studied by Hill,who also studied the finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensionaldissipativity of one-leg methods.However,up to now,no papers have been concernedwith the dissipativity of delay dynamical systems and their numerical solutions.Thethird part of the thesis is devoted to discussing it.

当用数值方法求解这些系统时，自然希望数值方法能保持系统的该重要特性。1994年，Humphries和Stuart首次研究了Runge-Kutta方法对有限维系统的散逸性。1997年Hill进一步研究了Runge-Kutta方法的无穷维散逸性和单支方法的有限维和无穷维散逸性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。