数值的

To improve the order of convergence for the modified Douglas scheme,Richardson extrapolation is also presented.

另外每一章均给出数值例子显示所采用数值方法的可行性。

Wave runup and overtopping over a seawall were reproduced by using the numerical wave tank and compared with the experimental data available.

在本文建立的数值波浪水槽内对规则波在海堤上爬高和越浪过程进行了数值模拟，并将计算结果与现有实验结果进行了比较。

A numerical model based on nonlinear shallow water equations and finite volume method is developed, which can calculate the overtopping discharge of oblique and multidirectional wave on sloping seawall.

本文以非线性浅水方程为基本公式，有限体积法为数值方法建立了可以计算斜向和多向不规则波在斜坡堤上越浪量的数值模型。

Based on modern optimization theory and optimal control theory, this dissertation studies some questions as follows:1. The optimization model of parameter identification of three-dimensional geologic history numerical simulation, algorithm and its applicationGeologic history numerical simulation is a basic content of basin numerical simulation, and the porosity is the major parameter in the evolution and development process of oil-bearing basin. According to the sedimentation and burial mechanism, the physical and chemical principles of oil geology, the mudstone porositys non-linear parabolic partial differential equation has been established.

本文应用现代最优化及最优控制理论，对如下一些问题进行了研究： 1、三维地史数值模拟的参数辨识优化模型、算法及应用地史模拟是盆地数值模拟的一个基础性的研究内容，地层孔隙度是含油气盆地地史演化发育过程中的重要参数，根据地层沉积埋藏机理和石油地质的物理化学原理，通过引入数学物理方程概念，建立了泥岩三维孔隙度场方程，根据问题的特点，给出了方程的定解条件，对方程的动边界也给出了处理方法，并且证明了解的存在性与惟一性，在此基础上建立了以当今实测数据为拟合准则的三维地史数值模拟的参数辨识优化模型，这是一个含有二阶偏微分方程约束的泛函极值问题。

To enter a value in percent format, type a percent sign after the value.

在输入数值后键入%，输入的数值将套用百分比样式。

In the numerical computation, a two-dimensional numerical method integrating finite element method and difference method was employed, where the finite element method is used to calculate the magnetic field of the permanent magnetic guideway and the difference method is used to calculate the induced current in the superconductor, then the levitation force and the lateral force were calculated by Lorentz formula.

在数值计算部分，实现了一种集有限元法与差分法为一体的数值计算方法。

The FEM simulation software of DEFORM was used to simulate the temperature distribution of plug for Diese piercer during cross rolling.

应用DEFORM三维有限元数值模拟软件对狄舍尔穿孔机热轧穿孔过程中的顶头进行了温度场数值模拟，通过模拟和实测分析了顶头开裂、粘钢、塌鼻等失效原因。

Furthermore, the application of the properties of real water and water steam in numerical simulations for real gas flow is discussed.

对真实水和蒸汽性质在真实气体流动数值模拟中的应用方法进行了研究，并对湿蒸汽流动进行了数值模拟，计算结果与实验结果吻合良好。

These rotational motions are much larger than those calculated by array data at the San Andreas fault.

旋转运动数值比圣安德烈斯断层上用台阵数据计算出的数值大很多。

Recent years as development of the computer and software, it becomes reality using numeric simulation to research grouting in clay. Using the software of PFC2D, the grouting in clay is lucubrated and such achievements are reached: Grouting technologies in existence grouting material and serosity are studied and rational methods are put forward in choosing grouting technology and serosity.(2) Base on numeric simulation biax test a method is explored to simulate clay with PFC2D.(3) A method is explored to simulate grouting using PFC2D.(4) The relation between serosity pressure and diffuseness of grouting in clay with different initial stress is studied.(5) The stress transformation of clay is studied during grouting.(6) The stress distribution is studied under different serosity pressure.(7) The normal stresss and shear stresss at any section are studied.

近年来随着计算技术的发展，使得采用数值模拟的方式研究均质土体中的注浆成为可能，本文则利用离散元程序PFC2D对均质土体中注浆进行了研究，主要做了以下几方面的工作：(1)研究了现有注浆加固技术、注浆材料以及浆液的性质，阐述了合理选择注浆方式以及浆液的方法；(2)采用数值双轴实验，探索了应用离散元模型模拟土体的方法：(3)探索了采用颗粒流程序进行注浆数值模拟的方法途径；(4)研究了在粘土中注浆不同侧向土压力条件下浆液扩散范围与注浆压力规律；(5)研究了注浆过程中不同阶段土体中压应力的变化；(6)研究了不同注浆压力对土体应力分稚的影响：(7)研究了注浆过程中土体中任一截面处正应力与剪应力的对比关系。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。