数值方法

To investigate the thermal protection effects of a heat sinking vest with phase-change material in high-temperature and high-humidity environment and the feasibility of numerical computation of heat transfer to the vest,based on the analysis of heat and mass transfer characteristic about the accouterments,a thermodynamic model was set up with the enthalpy method.

为了研究相变材料降温服在高温高湿条件下的热防护性能和相变材料数值计算方法应用于降温服传热计算的可行性，在分析服装传热传质特点及计算方法的基础上，利用焓值分析法对服装中的相变材料建立传热模型，在整个区域建立统一的能量方程，在区域结点进行离散，并进行隐式求解，得到焓的分布。

To investigate the thermal protection effects of a heat sinking vest with phase-change material in high-temperature and high-humidity environment and the feasibility of numerical computation of heat transfer to the vest, based on the analysis of heat and mass transfer characteristic about the accouterments, a thermodynamic model was set up with the enthalpy method. The uniform energy equation was constructed for the whole domain, and the implicit difference equation was used in every node, the distribution of enthalpy was solved by numerical method.

为了研究相变材料降温服在高温高湿条件下的热防护性能和相变材料数值计算方法应用于降温服传热计算的可行性，在分析服装传热传质特点及计算方法的基础上，利用焓值分析法对服装中的相变材料建立传热模型，在整个区域建立统一的能量方程，在区域结点进行离散，并进行隐式求解，得到焓的分布。

The new method is a combination of characteristic approximation to handle the convection part, to ensure the high stability of the method in approximating the sharp fronts and reduce the numerical diffusion, a smaller time truncation is gained at the same time, and a mixed finite elementspatial approximation to deal with the diffusion part, the sealer unknown and the adjoint vector function are approximated optimally and simultaneously.

此方法即为对方程的对流项沿流体流动的方向即特征方向进行离散，从而保证格式在流动锋线前沿逼近的高稳定性，消除了数值弥散现象，并得到了较小的时间截断误差；另一方面，对方程的扩散项采用混合元离散，可同时高精度逼近未知函数及其伴随向量函数，理论分析表明，此方法是稳定的，具有最优的L~2逼近精度。

Secondly, by applying inverse Fourier integral transform to the displacement, and uniting the constitutive and geometrical equations, the analytical expression of stress in Laplace domain were derived. Thirdly, by defining dislocation density functions, the Cauchy singular integral equations were obtained according to the boundary condition and interface connection conditions, and the problem was reduced to algebraic equations by Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial. Based the these, the unknown coefficient of the algebraic equations can be solved by Schmidt method. Finally, the time response of dynamic stress intensity factor and energy release rate are obtained by inverse Laplace transform.

首先，利用积分变换方法，推导出粘弹性层的控制方程组；其次，引入位错密度函数，并结合边界条件和界面连接条件，导出反映裂纹尖端奇异性的Cauchy型奇异积分方程组，然后，应用Chebyshev正交多项式化奇异积分方程组为代数方程组，并采用Schmidt方法对其数值求解，最后，经过Laplace逆变换，求得动态应力强度因子和能量释放率的时间响应。

A high-order alternating direction implicit method for solving two or three dimensional heat equations is proposed. The method is fourth order in space and second order in time.

提出了数值求解二维和三维热传导方程的高精度交替方向隐式方法，其空间为四阶精度，时间为二阶精度，并通过Neumann方法证明是无条件稳定的。

Analysis of ship parametric rolling in head sea;2. A numerical simulation method based on ITTC recommendation was used to investigate the occurrence and magnitude of parametric rolling in longitudinal regular waves.

基于ITTC推荐的参数横摇运动方程，采用估算方法确定方程中的阻尼系数和复原力矩系数，数值模拟出船舶在规则波中的参数横摇情况，将上述方法具体应用于一艘滚装船船模的参数横摇预报，并与试验数据进行对比，验证了所采用方法的有效性。

The method of metrological traceability of values for catalytic concentration of enzymes is now widely recognized as the combination of reference materials, reference measurement procedures and network of reference laboratories. Reference materials that are value-assigned using an internationally agreed upon protocol play an important role in this system and now reference materials or calibrators have come to our attention in our country.

随着人们对酶标准化工作和计量学溯源体系的深入认识，参考方法、参考物质和参考实验室网络的结合成为国内外普遍认可的实现酶活性测定标准化的重要途径，而使用公认的酶校准物作为载体，将测定结果的数值在参考方法和常规方法间进行准确性的传递是目前酶标准化工作的关键环节之一。

This will promote the revolution of the research methods from the traditional description methods that have been adopted for many years to the scientific and quantitative methods in the geosciences of China.Keywords : Geology Structural deformation Numerical model Principle and method Research progress.

数值模拟实验研究方法的发展，将极大地促进我国地学界从采用了多年的传统的描述性研究方法向科学的定量化研究方法的转变。

Formulations of the method as well as the numerical example to validate the method are given.

通过该方法和其它方法的数值算例结果对比证明了该方法的有效性。

The element-free Galerkin method was used for discretization of degree of freedom in space, the refinement integration method for time-domain integration, the modified variation principle to meet boundary conditions, the least-squares method for interpolating, and the Romberg algorithm for numerical integration.

该方法利用无网格方法进行空间自由度的离散，采用精细积分方法对时域积分，采用修正变分原理满足边界条件、最小二乘法进行插值，龙贝格算法进行数值积分。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。