数值技术

The traditional tunneling technology is dominantly based on experience analogy and small amount of numerical analysis, which severely restricts the development of the tunneling technology.

目前，传统隧道的相关技术主要依靠经验类比和少量的数值分析，其局限性将会大大限制隧道技术的发展。

In this paper, an improved technique of static image compression is completed based on the JPEG standard, the technique uses a new Fourier analysis technique called the arithmetic Fourier transform to compute discrete cosine transform coefficient.

本文在国际标准组织制定的静态图像压缩标准JPEG的基础上，提出了一种采用新的傅立叶分析技术—算术傅立叶变换来快速计算离散余弦变换系数值，改进了静态图像压缩技术，克服了DCT运算速度慢的缺点，同时克服了传统的快速离散余弦变换程序复杂，子进程多的缺点。

On the basis of theoretical analysis of digital holography, the preliminary study carries out through computer simulation and experiments. The main work is as follows:Firstly, on the basis of off-axis Fresnel diffraction, the principles of optical holography and digital holography are introduced. Besides, the theories such as recording digital hologram, numerical reconstruction and the related digital image processing methods are analyzed.

本论文从理论分析、计算机仿真和实验三个方面对数字全息技术进行了初步的研究，主要完成了以下工作：首先，介绍了传统的光学全息术和数字全息技术的基本原理，以离轴菲涅耳全息为例对数字全息的记录条件、数值重现算法、以及相关的数字图像处理方法进行了详尽的理论分析。

In this paper, combining the technique of parallel computation with the numerical method of 3D eddy current field, we designed the algorithms of generating mesh, forming finite element equations and solving them in parallel on a shared memory multiprocessor (SGI Challenge L 8 CPUs), and presented a concrete and effective method.

本文将并行计算技术和三维涡流场计算方法相结合，对三维涡流场有限元分析的并行处理技术进行了细致的研究，设计了基于共享内存并行计算机(SGI Challenge L 8 CPUs)的网格剖分并行算法和三维涡流场有限元方程形成和求解的并行算法，为数值求解实际三维涡流问题提供了一种有效途径和具体方法。

With the development of numerical technology of hydrokinetics and computer, there is considerable progress in the research of the three-dimensional turbulence field within the hydraulic machine; it has already become one of the focuses.

随着流体动力学数值求解技术和计算机软硬件技术的发展，水力机械叶轮内部的三维湍流场的研究有了长足的进展，已成为研究的热点之一。

However, In practice, It needs higher condition by using local optimization methods and depending the computer resources.

变分同化技术被公认为是提高数值模式初始场质量的有效技术，但其目前所使用的方法是局部优化方法，它依赖于计算机资源，在实际业务中实现要求有较高的条件。

The reconstruction problem is ill-posed, so two optimal criterions, the least module and the smoothness criterion base on Tikhonov regularization technique, are introduced into reconstruction algorithm. Many regularization parameters choice strategies are investigated, and the TPA(Two—Parameter Algorithm) strategy which is based on the Morozov discrepancy principles, is implemented in two regularization reconstruction algorithms.Numerical experiment results show that the nonnegative and smoothness constraint condition can overcome the difficulty of iteration semiconvergent, preconditioned technique can improve convergence rate and reconstruction accuracy, smoothness regularization criterion can meliorate ill-posed problem of reconstruction and enhance iteration stability, and the TPA is an effective strategy of regularization parameters choice.

数值试验表明：在共轭梯度法中引入非负约束和光滑约束改善了迭代的"半收敛"性，非负约束保证了解的非负性，光滑约束抑制了重建解的振荡现象，约束算法的重建精度与无约束算法相比大幅度提高；在约束共轭梯度重建算法中引入预优技术，可以加快算法的收敛速度，提高迭代的稳定性和重建精度；引入光滑准则的正则化技术可以有效改善图像重建问题的不适定性，加快迭代的收敛速度，提高迭代的稳定性和图像重建质量，计算正则参数的TPA算法在闪光照相图像重建中是有效的。

The numerical method established above can not only be used in the analysis of general non-newtonian fluid flow problem but also can be adopted to solve complex engineering problem.

本文所建立的非牛顿流体三维非等温流动数值模拟技术不仅可用于分析一般非牛顿流动问题，在处理目前流动模拟技术难以预测的复杂工艺问题时也表现出较强的适应性。

Quality function deployment and some methods of fuzzy mathematics and numerical analysis are mostly employed to explore and research key techniques on product level reuse. Some new concepts and models and algorithms are established.

主要采用质量功能配置、模糊数学和数值分析中的一些方法探索和研究了产品级再使用的关键技术，创立了一些新的概念、研究方法和技术路线。

The analysis of the optical signal transmission characteristics and the physical parameters provides the theoretical foundation for optimizing the design and improving the performance of AWG; and the optimizing design numerical value calculation method solves the complex problem of the optimizing design of the AWG, it can also provide a way for AWG computer aided design system; the AWG optical signal processing analysis provide a way for optical signal Fourier transform, serial and parallel transmission, circle shift, matrix transform and differential processing; the optical signal processing characteristics of AWG develop AWG to use for new field, and the optical signal processing will play an important role on all-optical networks in the future; by the definition of the wavelength transform matrix of the AWG, the signal output positions that come from these input signals of the different wavelength or the same wavelength but the different input ports and carrying different signals can be accurately determined, and the wavelength transmission matrix plays an important role for analyzing the routing of the complex optical network, or designing the network nodes such as the optical path add/drop multiplexer and optical cross connect device; the wavelength transmission matrix also provides a method for monitoring and managing the wavelength transmission of the optical network nodes; e analysis of the AWG' OXC node structure and wavelength routing provides a way for realizing the OXC, especially for multi-path/multi-wavelength OXC and the intelligence node of the optical networks; by the studying of the control plain characteristics, router, traffic engineering, program and the improved arithmetic of the wavelength routing, the method for realizing the GMPLS' OXC optical transport network is provided, and it play an important role for the study of the automatic switched optical network; the time-frequency analysis can provide more information about the dispersion and energy changes of .the pulsed light transmission in the singlemode fiber, it also provides more useful parameters for analyzing the dispersive accumulating and dispersive compensating.

AWG光信号传输特性与相关参数的分析，为进一步优化设计AWG及提高其性能提供了理论依据，而优化设计计算数值方法解决了AWG优化设计计算的复杂问题，为进一步建立AWG的计算机设计系统提供了基础；AWG光信号处理的特性分析，提出了AWG应用的新领域，为光信号的傅立叶变换、串并传输、循环移位、矩阵变换、微分处理等提供了一条途径；波长传输矩阵变换关系的建立，不仅得到了确定多路AWG每路信号从输入端口到输出端口的准确输出位置的方法，而且在分析应用AWG实现复杂的光通信网络路由的连接、特别在设计分插复用器和交叉连接器等网络节点时有重要的作用，能有效而准确地确定波长的路由关系，为实现节点波长传输路由的监控和管理提供有效手段；基于AWG的OXC结构和波长路由的确定为实现OXC技术、特别是多路多波长的OXC和光网络的智能节点技术提供了有效的方法；控制平面的特征、路由器、流量工程、程序及改进的波长路由算法的研究实现了基于GMPLS的OXC光传送网络的控制平面，为建立自动交换光网路提供了一定的基础；时频分析可以更直观和更清晰地描述脉冲信号在单模光纤中传输色散和能量的变化，为色散积累和色散补偿提供有效的分析参数。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。