数值常数

Effects of treatment period, external applied current density, chloride diffusion coefficient and rate constant on the extraction ratio of chloride ion are discussed.

利用数学模型数值模拟研究了处理时间、电流密度、氯离子扩散系数和速度常数等相关因素对脱氯过程的影响，为铁器文物保护方案的制订提供理论依据。

By investigating the effect of all the factors, including particle size, density, elastic deformation coefficient, Hamaker constant, surface energy, yield limit and relative velocity, on the particle behavior in the process of collision, the rule of collision and agglomeration with the change of these factors is obtained in detail.

为考察包括颗粒的粒径、密度、弹性变形系数、Hamaker常数、表面能、屈服极限和碰撞初速度等众多因素对碰撞规律和团聚趋势的影响，本文采用"数值实验"方法，获得了碰撞力与范德华力的相互关系、碰撞弹性回复系数和团聚趋势随各参数的变化规律。

Interesting works include three parts,(1) deriving an elastic strain energy equation to discuss constitutive relations of various elastic symmetry systems, and to check out some errors in previous papers.(2) deriving effective elastic constants of EDA-PTL medium;(3) deriving and numerically studying the elastic wave rays angle dispersion phenomenon.

除了引用前人给出的公式外，本论文有特色的工作是：推导了一个应变能公式，给出了各种对称体系下的弹性本构形式，对前人给出的结果作了验证，指出存在的个别错误；对EDA构成的薄层介质各向异性弹性常数作了推导，给出了解析表达；对几种类型的各向异性体系的角散式进行了推导并作了数值计算。

The dimension and numerical value of the constant and of equilibrium of chemical reaction are explored from different perspective of college chemistry.

从大学化学的不同角度探讨了化学反应平衡常数Kp和Kop的量纲和数值，增强了对大学无机化学教材和中学化学教材中对该类问题的理解。

This paper gives the 2006 self-consistent set of values of the fundamental physical constants and conversion factors recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology for international use.

文章给出了国际科学技术数据委员会向全世界推荐的一组2006年基本物理常数及转换因子自洽数值。

Exercise 5 , To find a new method to calculate gravity between any two objects , in which gravitational constant G is required to be taken out of consideration before calculation and by which same result can be obtained as does by Gravitational Law.

习题5，试找到一个新的计算万有引力的方法，使用这种方法可以在不考虑万有引力常数的情况下仍然可以正确地求解出任意两个物体间的万有引力数值。

A quick and correct forecast of tidal current when oil spill occurs is a key step in the forecast of oil spill. Based on the harmonic constant of tidal component of M2, S2, O1 and K1 in Lingshan Island, Laoshantou and Chaolian Island, and by using harmonic method, the thesis first conducts a current forecast in a single point, and then builds up a current field forecast in Jiaozhou Bay and its adjacent seas. The computed results match well with the actual situation. The method reduces greatly the time of real time current forecast by not using numerical stimulation, so it fit to the two requirements of quickness and correctness in oil spill forecast system.

迅速准确地预测出溢油发生时的潮流情况是溢油环境预测的根本保证，因此文中根据灵山岛、崂山头和朝连岛三处M2、S2，、O1和K1四个主要分潮的调和常数资料，采用调和的方法进行单点的潮流预报，进而建立了胶州湾及邻近海域的预报潮流场；该方法的潮流预报结果与实际情况吻合良好，且因避开了数值计算过程而大大减少了流场实时预报的机时，符合溢油应急预报系统所要求的准确与快速。

In high resistance circuits, the noise bandwidth is often limited by the time constant of the source resistance and input capacitance, and this value In this case, noise bandwidth is

在高阻电路中，噪声带宽常常受到源电阻和输入电容的时间常数的限制。这个数值为上述各种噪声带宽计算结果中的最小者。在这种情况下，噪声带宽为

Chapter 5 deals with the solvable theorem of adaptive inverse optimal control problems for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems driven by Wiener noises of unknown covariance. The systems are depicted by It〓 stochastic differential equations. By using an adaptive backstepping algorithm and stochastic control Lyapunov functions, the designing procedure of control laws of global asymptotic stability in probability and adaptive inverse optimal stabilization in probability are presented systematically. Adaptive control laws and parameter update laws can be obtained at the same time by this design scheme.

在第5章中，针对具有方差不确定Wiener噪声扰动和未知定常参数的随机非线性系统（假设方差的F—范数是一个常数或一个缓慢变化的量，对其进行在线辨识），给出并证明了自适应逆最优控制问题可解定理，基于随机Lyapunov定理和It〓微分规则，采用自适应Backstepping设计方法，系统地设计了全局依概率渐近稳定和自适应逆最优控制策略，这种设计方法可同时获得控制策略和自适应律，计算机数值仿真结果表明该控制算法是有效性的。

Through comparison of the results of numerical simulation and experiment results, two equation model was validated with constants recommended by Launder and Spalding in the paper.

采用Launder和Spalding提供的模型常数，通过数值模拟分析结果与实验值的比较确认了两方程κ-ε湍流模型对本实验装置的适用性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。