数值信号

After applying the Phase-randomized surrogate algorithm to create surrogate data, three test statistics methods, which include KS test, the third-order autocovariance and the asymmetry due to time reversal, are employed to determine nonlinear of five kinds signals.

通过对各类信号的数值实验及与传统使用的高阶自相关量以及时间反演不可逆量对比结果表明，KS检验是一种有效、稳定的非线性检验统计量，对噪声信号具有较强的抗噪能力，而对非线性信号具有较高的敏感性。

The works in the project just done can be summarized as five respects.(1) A device was designed to fabricate the asymmetrical resonant cavities by a pendant drop. A series ARCs with variable parameters provides a valuable experimental method for investigating the characteristics of ARCs.(2) The relationship between the number of active modes and the shape parameters in an ARC was investigated. The experimental lasing threshold was compared with theoretical result, the good agreement between two shown that it was the decrease of the number of active modes in an ARC that decreased lasing threshold.(3) Dye lasing gain was used to enhance the signals of stimulated Raman scattering of the weak gain Raman modes in a circular cavity made by a pendant drop, the instantaneous SRS spectra of weak gain Raman modes in ethanol was obtained by this new method.(4) The SRS signals of minority compound in a binary chemical complex was obtained by using dye lasing gain method. The detection concentration of minority compound was reduced to an order compared with normal SRS method.(5) A cylindrical circular cavity was formed by a liquid jet, which was used to reduce the pump intensity required for laser induced plasma spectroscopy. The limit of detection of trace element in aqueous sample was greatly decreased by this new method.

我们设计并成功制作了使悬垂液滴连续变形的装置，用此装置可以方便地改变非圆对称谐振腔的几何参数，为ARCs的研究提供了一种有效的实验方法；研究了ARCs中活性模式数和变形参数间的变化规律，激光阈值的数值计算结果和激光辐射的实验结果作了比较，二者吻合的曲线说明ARCs中活性模式数量的减少是受激辐射放大阈值降低的原因；在由单元化合物构成的微型圆对称谐振腔中，首次尝试用"激光增益"增强弱增益拉曼模式的受激拉曼散射信号，获得了乙醇分子中弱增益拉曼模式的瞬态SRS光谱；在由二元混合物构成的微型圆对称谐振腔中，用染料的激光增益增强了少量化合物的SRS信号，把少量化合物的SRS信号探测浓度降低了近一个数量级，在SRS应用于瞬态过程的组份分析方面做了卓有成效的探索；用石英毛细管形成的稳定液拄构成拄形谐振腔，降低了激光诱导等离子体光谱需要的激励能量，有效地降低了水相样品的痕量元素分析极限，为LIPS应用于微量元素的化学分析开拓了一条新的技术路线。

Third, the discussion of the corresponding relationship of the real angles to the apparent real angles is performed, the asymptotic bias and MSE of real angles are given. Fourth, based on above conclusions, the analysis of two typical cases is made by numerical analysis and computer simulation: Case A when the impinging signals are divided into desired signals and interfering signals: it is shown that similar to Cyclic estimation of DOA, the smaller the separation between interfering direction and signal direction, in general, the smaller the estimation variance.

首先，研究了无穷快拍时信号数目有误的最大似然估计，引入了视在真实角度的概念；其次，导出了视在真实角度最大似然估计大样本时的分布以及渐近均方误差的解析表达式，而且还证明了：Stoica性能分析结果是现在的分析结果在信号数目准确时的特例；第三，讨论了真实角度与视在真实角度的关系，给出了真实角度的渐近偏和渐近均方误差；第四，依据前面的结果，利用数值分析和模拟实验的方法对两种典型情况做了分析： 1 在入射信号被分为干扰信号和所需信号情况下：结果表明：与CyclicDOA估计一样，干扰方向与所需信号方向靠的越近，所需信号估计的方差越小，越远离，方差越大。

The results obtained from three different methods—the conventional numerical differentiation, the discrete wavelet transform method and the proposed continuous wavelet transform method were compared, it was demonstrated that the results are similar for signals without noise, but the signal-to-noise ratio of the result obtained by the CWT method is improved greatly comparing with the former two methods for noisy signals.

通过数值微分法、离散小波变换法及连续小波变换法对模拟信号的求导结果表明：对于无噪音的信号，三种方法的结果相似，而对于含有噪音的信号，连续小波变换法所得结果的信噪比明显高于前两种方法。

The analysis of the optical signal transmission characteristics and the physical parameters provides the theoretical foundation for optimizing the design and improving the performance of AWG; and the optimizing design numerical value calculation method solves the complex problem of the optimizing design of the AWG, it can also provide a way for AWG computer aided design system; the AWG optical signal processing analysis provide a way for optical signal Fourier transform, serial and parallel transmission, circle shift, matrix transform and differential processing; the optical signal processing characteristics of AWG develop AWG to use for new field, and the optical signal processing will play an important role on all-optical networks in the future; by the definition of the wavelength transform matrix of the AWG, the signal output positions that come from these input signals of the different wavelength or the same wavelength but the different input ports and carrying different signals can be accurately determined, and the wavelength transmission matrix plays an important role for analyzing the routing of the complex optical network, or designing the network nodes such as the optical path add/drop multiplexer and optical cross connect device; the wavelength transmission matrix also provides a method for monitoring and managing the wavelength transmission of the optical network nodes; e analysis of the AWG' OXC node structure and wavelength routing provides a way for realizing the OXC, especially for multi-path/multi-wavelength OXC and the intelligence node of the optical networks; by the studying of the control plain characteristics, router, traffic engineering, program and the improved arithmetic of the wavelength routing, the method for realizing the GMPLS' OXC optical transport network is provided, and it play an important role for the study of the automatic switched optical network; the time-frequency analysis can provide more information about the dispersion and energy changes of .the pulsed light transmission in the singlemode fiber, it also provides more useful parameters for analyzing the dispersive accumulating and dispersive compensating.

AWG光信号传输特性与相关参数的分析，为进一步优化设计AWG及提高其性能提供了理论依据，而优化设计计算数值方法解决了AWG优化设计计算的复杂问题，为进一步建立AWG的计算机设计系统提供了基础；AWG光信号处理的特性分析，提出了AWG应用的新领域，为光信号的傅立叶变换、串并传输、循环移位、矩阵变换、微分处理等提供了一条途径；波长传输矩阵变换关系的建立，不仅得到了确定多路AWG每路信号从输入端口到输出端口的准确输出位置的方法，而且在分析应用AWG实现复杂的光通信网络路由的连接、特别在设计分插复用器和交叉连接器等网络节点时有重要的作用，能有效而准确地确定波长的路由关系，为实现节点波长传输路由的监控和管理提供有效手段；基于AWG的OXC结构和波长路由的确定为实现OXC技术、特别是多路多波长的OXC和光网络的智能节点技术提供了有效的方法；控制平面的特征、路由器、流量工程、程序及改进的波长路由算法的研究实现了基于GMPLS的OXC光传送网络的控制平面，为建立自动交换光网路提供了一定的基础；时频分析可以更直观和更清晰地描述脉冲信号在单模光纤中传输色散和能量的变化，为色散积累和色散补偿提供有效的分析参数。

Numerical calculation for sinusoidal signal, Gaussian periodic signal and square periodic signal is performed. The results show that zero-broadening slow and fast light is achieved using this optimized Brillouin comb gain for the three types of periodic signals, and the validity of the universal formula is proved.

通过对正弦信号、周期性高斯信号和周期性方波信号的数值计算，结果表明，利用该优化的梳状布里渊增益谱可实现这三种周期信号在零展宽下的快慢光，证实了所得普适公式的正确性。

The numerical analysis shows that the effect of an input sinusoidal signal is also a sinusoidal signal in the output, and the effect of the white noise is a Wiener process. When the system parameters are small enough, the effect of signal modulating noise can occur in the stochastic systems.

理论分析表明，正弦信号在系统输出中的数值表现仍为正弦信号，白噪声的效应是维纳过程，较小的系统参数才能使随机共振系统发生信号调制噪声效应。

Only an arbitrary single pulse among pulse train with temporal separation of about 1 ps was trapped by soliton pulse,the trapped pulse was blue-shifted and the optical spectra of trapped pulse was distinctly separated from those of the untrapped signal pulses.The trapped pulse can be easily picked off using a wavelength filter such as a fiber Bragg grating.

通过数值求解光子晶体光纤中脉冲传播满足的耦合非线性薛定谔方程，发现用孤子脉冲可俘获信号脉冲串中的任何一个脉冲，被俘获的信号脉冲的中心波长明显蓝移，在频域上和其他信号脉冲分离开来，于是让信号脉冲串在输出端通过布喇格光纤光栅，被俘获的信号脉冲将被过滤掉。

First, calculates the fast moving average (usually 12 days) and slow moving average (usually 26 days) by exponential calculation method; second, make fast line value minus slow line value to gain the difference of relative distance. In order to make the trend signals more clear and less influence exerted by of excessive price fluctuation, the difference should be smoothly calculated (general elect 9 days) to get average of difference value. Chart the difference and its average in a coordinate with time for horizontal axis and MACD for vertical axis. Then we can apply the identical, contrary or cross signals through observing their direction, relative and absolute positions.

它首先以指数平滑计算法计算出快速移动平均线（一般选12日）慢速移动平均线（一般选26日），再以快速线数值减慢速线数值即得到快慢线相对距离的差离值，为使趋势信号更明显并且不受股价过分波动的影响，对差离值也进行平滑计算（一般选9日），得到差离值的平均值，把差离值和差离平均值画在以时间为横轴，以MACD为纵轴的坐标上，通过观察差离值和差离平均值的方向、绝对位置和相对位置关系，把它们的同向、异向和交叉现象作为买卖信号的提示。

Base on the analysis of the grating linear displacement measurement theory,t he measure errors especially the subdivision error of the grating scale,this paper focuses on the theory of switch and merge of dual grating scales'signals,builds the design criteria of high speed high precision displacement measurement by using dual grating sales,designs the switch picking reference with high precision and fast switch and merge method,analyses the errors brought in by switch and merge of the duals grating scales.

针对光栅尺的电子细分信号具有细分误差的特性，本文提出了对莫尔条纹信号不细分的方法以提高双光栅尺信号切换合成值的精度。经过对双光栅计数切换基准、切换与合成特征和规律的探讨，本文设计了实现双光栅尺双重测量、计数值切换合成法的硬件电路，主要通过可编程芯片FPGA，设计了双光栅尺信号处理的各电路模块，如双光栅尺信号四倍频辨向模块、速度判断模块、切换模块、计数值合成处理模块。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。